chapter 22 the lymph system. lymphatic system lymphangiogram
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 22
The Lymph System
Lymphatic System
Lymphangiogram
Lymphatic words
• Lymphangiogram
• Lacteals vessels around small intestines
• Chyle – lymph fluid around small intestines with fat globules in it.
• Thoracic duct
• Right lymphatic duct
• Cisterna chyle-
• Nodes
Lymphatic organs
• Nodes
• Spleen
• Thymus
• Tonsils
• Peyer’s patches – patches of lymph tissue along the wall of the ileum
• Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
Structure of spleen
Development of lymph
Invaders
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Foreign objects
• Cancer cells
Non-Specific Resistance• Skin and mucous membranes• Tears, sweat, oil, urine, vomiting, saliva, etc.• Sebum, lysozymes, gastric acid.• Interferon – blocks viral implantation• Complement - proteins• Transferrins – reduce iron available to bacteria• N-K cells and Phagocytes• Inflammation• Fever• Perforins – poke holes in cells• Cytokines – protein chemical messengers
Edward Jenner
Created the first
Immunization
The disease: smallpox
Specific ResistanceLymphocytes
• Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity via T-Cells. Attack fungi, parasites, viruses, cancer cells and foreign tissue
• Humoral defense (antibody mediated) with B-cells. B-cells become plasma cells, leave the nodes and produce antibodies (Ig’s). Attack bacteria and viruses.
• Both systems have memory cells
Antibodies
Antibodies• IgG – attacks bacteria and viruses;
triggers complement.
• IgA – localized protection against bacteria and viruses.
• IgM – Activates complement, causes agglutination and lysis, works in ABO.
• IgD – involved in activation of B cells
• IgE – involved in allergic and hypersensitivity, also protection against worms.
Lymph Diseases
AIDS / HIV• Origin of infection in the U.S.• Method of viral attack• Retroviruses• Delayed symptoms• Where did the virus come from?• Who is at risk?• Treatment / cure???• Are there other viruses?
Words to Learn
• Eczema
• Immunization
• Septic shock
• Systemic lupus
• Hypersensitivity
• Anaphylactic reaction
• Autoimmune disease
More Words• Lymphoma and Hodgkins
• Allograft
• Autograft
• Gamma globulin
• Lymphadenopathy
• Splenomegaly
• Xenograft
• Interleukin
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)