chapter 22 the ordeal of reconstruction
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Chapter 22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction . 1865 – 1877. Lincoln’s 2 nd Inaugural Address March 4, 1865. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 22Chapter 22The Ordeal of Reconstruction The Ordeal of Reconstruction
1865 – 18771865 – 1877
Lincoln’s 2Lincoln’s 2ndnd Inaugural Address Inaugural AddressMarch 4, 1865March 4, 1865
““With malice towards noneWith malice towards none, with charity for , with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s to bind up the nation’s woundswounds, to care for him who shall have , to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and borne the battle and for his widow and orphan, to do all which may achieve and orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”ourselves and with all nations.”
StandardsStandards SSUSH10 The student will identify legal, political, and social
dimensions of Reconstruction. a. Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical
Republican Reconstruction. b. Explain efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former
slaves and provide advanced education (Morehouse College) and describe the role of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
c. Describe the significance of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
d. Explain Black Codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial equality during Reconstruction.
e. Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to Reconstruction.
f. Analyze how the presidential election of 1876 and the subsequent compromise of 1877 marked the end of Reconstruction.
Assassination of Abe LincolnAssassination of Abe Lincoln 14 April, 186514 April, 1865 Ford’s Theater Ford’s Theater Washington, DCWashington, DC ““My American My American
Cousin”Cousin” Shot in back of Shot in back of
head by pro-head by pro-Southern actor Southern actor John Wilkes John Wilkes BoothBooth
John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Boothhttp://www.history.com/videos/lincoln-behihttp://www.history.com/videos/lincoln-behi
nd-the-assassination#lincoln-behind-the-and-the-assassination#lincoln-behind-the-assassinationssassination
Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau Created in March 1865Created in March 1865 Primitive “welfare agency”Primitive “welfare agency” Provided food, clothing and medical care Provided food, clothing and medical care
to freed slaves and white refugeesto freed slaves and white refugees Taught approx 200,000 blacks how to readTaught approx 200,000 blacks how to read Establishment of black colleges Establishment of black colleges
(Morehouse in Atlanta)(Morehouse in Atlanta) Redistribution of confiscated Confederate Redistribution of confiscated Confederate
lands (“40 acres and a mule”)lands (“40 acres and a mule”)
Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)1717thth President President Became President Became President
after Lincoln diedafter Lincoln diedDemocrat from TNDemocrat from TNOnly US Senator to Only US Senator to
remain with Union remain with Union after secessionafter secession
Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction Lincoln’s “10 Percent Rule”Lincoln’s “10 Percent Rule” Said that Confederate states never legally left the Said that Confederate states never legally left the
UnionUnion Admit states back into Union with newly Admit states back into Union with newly
established state governmentsestablished state governments Johnson assumed most of Lincoln’s viewsJohnson assumed most of Lincoln’s views
Disenfranchised certain Confederate leadersDisenfranchised certain Confederate leaders Special state conventions to repeal ordinances of Special state conventions to repeal ordinances of
secession, pay back all debts, and ratification of 13secession, pay back all debts, and ratification of 13thth AmendmentAmendment
Upon completion, states would be admitted backUpon completion, states would be admitted back
Black CodesBlack Codes Laws enacted by Southern states to regulate the Laws enacted by Southern states to regulate the
affairs of the emancipated blacksaffairs of the emancipated blacks Goal was to produce a stable and subservient Goal was to produce a stable and subservient
work forcework force Restore the pre-emancipation system of race Restore the pre-emancipation system of race
relations: blacks could marry, but could not relations: blacks could marry, but could not serve on juries or rent or lease landserve on juries or rent or lease land
Blacks arrested for petty crimes: Being “idle”Blacks arrested for petty crimes: Being “idle” Did not allow blacks to voteDid not allow blacks to vote
SharecroppersSharecroppers With little options, With little options,
most slaves fell most slaves fell back into field back into field laborlabor
Became Became sharecropperssharecroppers
Meager payMeager pay A re-enslavement A re-enslavement
of free blacks?of free blacks?
Congressional ReconstructionCongressional ReconstructionRepublicans enjoyed power while the Republicans enjoyed power while the
Democratic South was out (1861-1865)Democratic South was out (1861-1865)They were hostile towards newly elected They were hostile towards newly elected
Democratic Southerners coming back into Democratic Southerners coming back into powerpower
Repeal of 3/5 Compromise – now South Repeal of 3/5 Compromise – now South would be more powerful than beforewould be more powerful than before
Johnson Clashes with CongressJohnson Clashes with Congress February 1866: Johnson vetoes extension of February 1866: Johnson vetoes extension of
Freedman’s BureauFreedman’s Bureau In response, Republicans passed Civil Rights In response, Republicans passed Civil Rights
Bill that sought to dismantle the Black Codes of Bill that sought to dismantle the Black Codes of the South (what would eventually become 14the South (what would eventually become 14 thth Amendment)Amendment)
Johnson vetoed, but Congress passed with ¾ Johnson vetoed, but Congress passed with ¾ majority needed to override vetomajority needed to override veto
Johnson urged the South not to approve the Johnson urged the South not to approve the Amendment thus sparking a bitter feud between Amendment thus sparking a bitter feud between the Republican Congress and Democrat the Republican Congress and Democrat PresidentPresident
Radical RepublicansRadical RepublicansVeto-proof majority in House and Senate Veto-proof majority in House and Senate
in 1866in 1866Led by Charles Sumner, caning victim of Led by Charles Sumner, caning victim of
Preston Brooks before Civil War, and Preston Brooks before Civil War, and Thaddeus Stevens, representative from Thaddeus Stevens, representative from PAPA
Wanted to keep South out of Union as Wanted to keep South out of Union as long as possible to bring about drastic long as possible to bring about drastic social and economic transformationsocial and economic transformation
Reconstruction by the SwordReconstruction by the Sword Bloody race riots erupted in several Southern Bloody race riots erupted in several Southern
citiescities Congress broke South into several military Congress broke South into several military
districts to restore orderdistricts to restore order Required South to ratify 14Required South to ratify 14thth Amendment before Amendment before
being readmittedbeing readmitted Required states to include in state Constitution Required states to include in state Constitution
full suffrage for black men (eventually passed as full suffrage for black men (eventually passed as 1515thth Amendment) Amendment)
After Compromise of 1877, military pulled from After Compromise of 1877, military pulled from South and Democratic party reestablished its South and Democratic party reestablished its dominancedominance
Union LeagueUnion LeagueNetwork of political clubs that educated Network of political clubs that educated
members in their civic dutiesmembers in their civic dutiesCampaigned for black RepublicansCampaigned for black RepublicansBuilding black churches and schoolsBuilding black churches and schoolsRecruiting black militiasRecruiting black militias
Senator Hiram Revels, Frederick Douglas and Senator Hiram Revels, Frederick Douglas and Senator Blanche Bruce (both of MS)Senator Blanche Bruce (both of MS)
Carpetbaggers and ScalawagsCarpetbaggers and ScalawagsCarpetbaggers – Northerners who had Carpetbaggers – Northerners who had
come to a defeated South for profit and come to a defeated South for profit and powerpower
Scalawags – Southerners who were Scalawags – Southerners who were Unionists or former WhigsUnionists or former Whigs
Both wanted to modernize the “NEW Both wanted to modernize the “NEW SOUTH” (public schools, property rights to SOUTH” (public schools, property rights to women, tax systems improved)women, tax systems improved)
Failures of ReconstructionFailures of Reconstructionhttp://www.history.com/videos/the-failure-ohttp://www.history.com/videos/the-failure-o
f-reconstruction#the-failure-of-reconstructif-reconstruction#the-failure-of-reconstructionon
Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan Founded in 1866 in TN Founded in 1866 in TN
to resist new black to resist new black freedomsfreedoms
Opposition to Opposition to Republican policiesRepublican policies
Used terror to incite Used terror to incite fearfear
Wearing ghost sheets, Wearing ghost sheets, burning crossesburning crosses
Ku Klux Klan VideoKu Klux Klan Videohttp://www.history.com/videos/the-kkk#thehttp://www.history.com/videos/the-kkk#the
-kkk-kkk
Johnson ImpeachedJohnson Impeached 1867 – Republican Congress passed the Tenure 1867 – Republican Congress passed the Tenure
of Office Act that required Presidents to secure of Office Act that required Presidents to secure consent of Senate before removing approved consent of Senate before removing approved cabinet appointeescabinet appointees
Congress wanted to ensure that Lincoln’s Congress wanted to ensure that Lincoln’s Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, remained in Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, remained in officeoffice
Johnson dismissed Stanton anywayJohnson dismissed Stanton anyway Congress immediately voted to impeach Johnson Congress immediately voted to impeach Johnson
for violating Tenure of Office Actfor violating Tenure of Office Act After promising to stop obstructing Republican After promising to stop obstructing Republican
policies, Johnson acquitted by 1 vote in Senatepolicies, Johnson acquitted by 1 vote in Senate
Alaska Purchased from RussiaAlaska Purchased from Russia 18671867 Secretary of State Secretary of State
William Seward buys William Seward buys Alaska from RussiaAlaska from Russia
At first, purchase was At first, purchase was very unpopularvery unpopular
In the end, Alaska In the end, Alaska proved very profitable proved very profitable for US, with oil, gas for US, with oil, gas and gold depositsand gold deposits
Ticket out the DoorTicket out the DoorExplain two of these failures of Explain two of these failures of
Reconstruction:Reconstruction:Black CodesBlack CodesPresident Andrew JohnsonPresident Andrew JohnsonSharecroppingSharecroppingRadical RepublicansRadical RepublicansMilitary DistrictsMilitary Districts