Chapter 23 – Age of Reformation

• Spain most powerful country• Spain wants to reform church which leads to the

Counter – Reformation• Martin Luther• Dissatisfaction with church leadership• Popes come from powerful families• Church deteriorated• Private devotions, commissions (such as book of

hours) rosaries and paintings increased

Imagery during the Reformation

• Protestant churches bare walls• Imagery leads to idols

•Reformation – sparked iconclasms throughout Northern Europe, destroying much great art work and prohibiting new work to be producedNorthern European art is influenced by the achievements of the Renaissance

Catholicism vs. Protestantism• Allegory of Law and Grace by Lucas Cranach the

Elder• Woodcut

• 1530

Grunewald- Isenheim Altarpiece• Horrors of

disease• Created for a

Monastic Hospital

Durer – Last Supper 1523

• Agent sold prints

• Very in tune with Lutherism

• 1st lawsuit

• Popular in Flanders

Durer Last Supper 1523

Four Horsemen of

the Apocalypse

1498

Durer- 4 Apostles 1526

• Durer supports Lutheranism

• John and Peter (left)• Mark and Paul ( right)• Bible • No false prophets

Durer – The Fall of Man 1504

• Vitruvian Theory of human proportions

• Classical Statues• Engraving• Crucial Moment

Durer- The Great Piece of Turf 1503

• Scientifically accurate

Altdorfer – The Battle of Issus

1529

Holbein the Younger – The French Ambassadors 1533

• Realism that flourished from 15th Century Flemish art

• Two Humanist men • Covered in items• Anamorphic Image• Painter to English

Court

`

France – widespread recognition as a political power

• Clouet – Francis I 1526

• Gold Chain = St. Michael

• Flat

The Louvre - 1546• Redesign

( medieval palace and fortress)

• Curved and angular

• Roman arcades

• French and Italian infused

Pieter Aersten – Meat Still Life - 1551

Caterina van Hemssen – Self Portrait 1548

Back to the NetherlandsGossaert – Neptune & Amphitrite 1516

• Netherlands – Philp II of Spain controlled –Protestants

• Who was Gossaert Influenced by?

• Doric and Ionic • Italy

Massys – Money Changer and His Wife 1514

• Checking out coins• Netherlandish values• Prayer book• Material world vs.

spiritual • Balance• Mirror – sloth and

foolish character• Gossip

Aertsen – Meat Still life 1551

• Hog, chickens, sausages

• Religious images, Joseph leads a donkey

• Crossed fishes –pretzels during lent

A life of lust and gluttony

Caterina van Hemessen – Self portrait 1548

• First known self portrait of a woman

• Confident• Pigment• Her father trained her

Teerlinc - Elizabeth I as Princess

• 1559• Bruges painter• Henry VIII, invited her to

paint Elizabeth• Headdress and jewelry• Elaborate Gown• Elizabeth and other

powerful woman were avid collectors and patrons

Bruegel the Elder 1565Human Beings and nature, depicted seasonal changes during the year,

optically correct, line and shape , landscape

Netherlandish Proverbs – 1559 –

Bruegel the Elder

• Like Bosch

• Proverbs, • He bites

the column

• “beats his head against the wall”

• “blind lead the blind”

Spain –leader at the end of 16th CenturyBurial of Count Orgaz – El Greco - 1586

• El Greco – born in Crete emigrated to Italy, went to Titan’s workshop, went to Spain to spend his life there

• Late Byzantine meets Italian Mannerism

• Heavy draperies

• Early conquistadors

• Counts soul

• Emotion

Expressive