Chapter 23:Romantic Opera: Italy

Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)• Most popular opera composer throughout Europe

• His operas are performed more than any others

• Early operas supported Italian nationalism– Promoted a united Italy

• Dramas turned to domestic themes and personal conflict

• Opera standards include: Rigoletto (1851), La traviata (1853), Il trovatore (1853), Aida (1871)

Verdi’s Dramaturgy and Musical Style

• Conflict – personal or national – the root of every emotion

• Clear expression of emotion

• Emotional states almost melodramatic

• Intense passion and nonstop action– Recitativo accompagnato: Orchestra accompanies the

recitative; Smooth transitions between recitative and aria

– Arias push singers to the utmost of their range

– Bel canto style

La traviata (1853)• “The Woman Gone Astray”

• Based on a story (Camille) by Alexandre Dumas

• Pits passionate love against middle-class morality

• “Un di felice”– Gala party at the end of the first act

– Alfredo and Violetta sing to each other

La traviata, Act I, Scene 6•A Scena

– Slow aria (“Ah fors´è lui”)

– Recitative accompagnata (“Follie!”)

– Cabaletta (“Sempre libera”)• A fast-paced concluding aria

• Virtuosity serves a dramatic purpose

• Allows character to rush off stage