Chapter 23 sec. 3Chapter 23 sec. 3Unifying ItalyUnifying Italy

Mr. MarshMr. Marsh

Columbus North High SchoolColumbus North High School

Obstacles to Italian UnityObstacles to Italian Unity

Italy has not been unified since the Roman Italy has not been unified since the Roman EmpireEmpire

People considered themselves part of their People considered themselves part of their city, not as part of a bigger Italycity, not as part of a bigger Italy– People from Florence = TuscansPeople from Florence = Tuscans– People from Venice = VenetiansPeople from Venice = Venetians– Italy was just a geographic termItaly was just a geographic term

Nationalist movement started just as it did in Nationalist movement started just as it did in Germany, with the invasion of NapoleonGermany, with the invasion of Napoleon

MazziniMazzini

Nationalist leader in the early 1830sNationalist leader in the early 1830s

1849 helped to lead a revolution in 1849 helped to lead a revolution in the republic of Romethe republic of Rome– Quickly defeated by French militaryQuickly defeated by French military

– After his defeat antagonist movements After his defeat antagonist movements started to pick up all across Italystarted to pick up all across Italy It made sense, common language and It made sense, common language and

historyhistory

Struggle for ItalyStruggle for Italy

1848 Nationalist leadership passed to the 1848 Nationalist leadership passed to the kingdom of Sardinia under the rule of a kingdom of Sardinia under the rule of a constitutional monarch, Victor Emmanuel IIconstitutional monarch, Victor Emmanuel II

In 1852 Emmanuel II made Count Camillo In 1852 Emmanuel II made Count Camillo Cavour his prime ministerCavour his prime minister

Just as Bismarck pushed to unify Germany Just as Bismarck pushed to unify Germany Cavour will lead in ItalyCavour will lead in Italy

Struggle for Italy Struggle for Italy Intrigue with FranceIntrigue with France

In 1855 Cavour joined Britain and In 1855 Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean WarFrance in the Crimean War– Even though Italy gained no new Even though Italy gained no new

territories after the war, they gained territories after the war, they gained much respect much respect

1858 Cavour negotiated with 1858 Cavour negotiated with Napoleon III to aid Sardinia in a war Napoleon III to aid Sardinia in a war with Austriawith Austria

Struggle for ItalyStruggle for ItalyGaribaldi’s Red ShirtsGaribaldi’s Red Shirts

Next step in Unifying Italy was the island Next step in Unifying Italy was the island of Sicilyof Sicily

Garibaldi a long time nationalist and close Garibaldi a long time nationalist and close friend of Mazzinifriend of Mazzini

Garibaldi wanted a republic in Italy and Garibaldi wanted a republic in Italy and when Cavour offered him weapons and when Cavour offered him weapons and ships Garibaldi acceptedships Garibaldi accepted– Very quickly Garibaldi won over Sicily and Very quickly Garibaldi won over Sicily and

moved north towards the city of Naplesmoved north towards the city of Naples

Struggle for ItalyStruggle for ItalyUnity at LastUnity at Last

Cavour was surprised at how quickly Cavour was surprised at how quickly Garibaldi was able to conquer Sicily.Garibaldi was able to conquer Sicily.

Cavour feared that Garibaldi would create Cavour feared that Garibaldi would create a Southern Republica Southern Republic– Garibaldi however handed over the new lands Garibaldi however handed over the new lands

to Cavour and Emmanuel IIto Cavour and Emmanuel II 1861 Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy1861 Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 France had During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 France had

to remove troops from Rome ending the French to remove troops from Rome ending the French control of Italycontrol of Italy

Challenges Facing the New Challenges Facing the New NationNation

Just as Bismarck struggled so will the Just as Bismarck struggled so will the new Italynew Italy

DivisionsDivisions– Major regional differencesMajor regional differences

North wealthy major CitiesNorth wealthy major Cities South rural farm landSouth rural farm land Struggles with the Catholic church and the Struggles with the Catholic church and the

new Italy leads to the creation of the Papal new Italy leads to the creation of the Papal state of the Vatican Citystate of the Vatican City

– Early popes saw this as a “prison”Early popes saw this as a “prison”

Challenges Facing the New Challenges Facing the New NationNation

Turmoil and ProgressTurmoil and Progress Under Emmanuel Italy was a Under Emmanuel Italy was a

constitutional Monarch with a two house constitutional Monarch with a two house legislative bodylegislative body– The upper house was selected by the King The upper house was selected by the King

and could veto and action made by the and could veto and action made by the peoples selected lower housepeoples selected lower house

– Despite the problems by the early 1900s the Despite the problems by the early 1900s the Italian economy was growingItalian economy was growing

– Education increased as did working conditionsEducation increased as did working conditions