Chapter 23/24

•Coming out of the Depression •The New Deal(s)

•Drawn in•Forced In

•War in Europe•War in the Pacific

•The War’s Effects at Home

Coming out of the Depression• Blame placed mostly with Herbert

Hoover and policy of “normalcy”

• Election of 1932- FDR elected; campaign song “Happy Days are here again”

• Help campaigning from wife Eleanor

• New Deal promises government help within first “100 days”

The New Deal(s)• Closed banks to prevent bank runs and

sets up FDIC• Creates new jobs through public works

agencies:” Alphabet soup” p. 775• Codes to prevent business abuses(771)• Help to Homeowners (FHA)• Help to Farmers (AAA)• Rural electrification• Wagner Act- gives workers power• Social Security (776)

Drawn in to War• Changing political climate in

Europe(map on pg 799)

• Rise of Dictators- Stalin, Hitler, Franco , Mussolini.

• Germany allies with Soviets; Begin expansion in W. Europe

• Invasion of Poland, France, Britain

• Genocide of Non-Aryans, especially Jews.

Forced In• U- Boat attacks discourage trade, threaten

economy. • Germany allies with Italy- Japan soon joins. • This alliance- Axis Powers spread into North

Africa and China• Public outcry to help those being killed• Our former allies are being invaded• Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor Dec. 7,1941• Dec 11, Germany and Italy Declare war

War In Europe• Hitler becomes chancellor and president in

1934 and begins to rearm and expand Germany. (violating Versailles treaty.)

• Axis powers- Italy and Germany (later Japan) sign treaty- all have a desire to expand holdings.

• Blitzkrieg in Poland, sitzkrieg in W. Europe.• German aggression in Norway and Denmark.

French retreat and then give up Paris. • London Bltiz by Luftwaffe in 1941. • US joins Fight and signs Atlantic charter- 1st

goal is to limit the success of U-boats.

• US and Allies regain control of Africa and plan the retaking of Europe at the Casablanca Conference.

• Italy was the first to be taken back- Mussolini ousted and Allies gain control.

• Axis spread East in face of losses- attempt to gain Russian resources-Germany breaks pact with Stalin.

• Germany stopped at Stalingrad. Losses on both sides.

• D-day planned as the effort to re-take Western Europe started in 1944.

• Paris regained by Allies• Battle of the Bulge in Dec. 1944. 80000

US dead,injured or captured. Germany lost 100000.

• Russian Red Army applies pressure from the East. US and British apply from the West.

• 1945 - Germany surrenders. Hitler commits suicide. V-E day celebrated but war continued in Asia.

• Germany and Berlin split up among Allies at Yalta.

War in Asia• Japan needs to expand- population

boom in 1920s.• Limited land in Japanese region• Two-party system fails- leaves Japan

open for nationalization and military rule.

• Manchurian incident- opens up the occupation of China

• Japan was part of the Allied powers-WW1

• Japan military begins to serve as gov’t- neighboring countries see Japan as a threat (see map 815)

• Japan becomes part of the Axis Powers- common enemy with Germany (Russia)

• Japanese expansion part of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- like lebensraum.

• Japan sought possessions throughout Asia as far as India.

• Several Allied colonies attacked (pg. 847)• Bataan Peninsula of the Philippines (US and

Filipino soldiers surrender)

• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor Dec. 1941 draws US into WWII

• Japan’s goal was to take out US aircraft carriers.

• Battle at Coral Sea- Japan looking to gain Australia: Stalemate.

• Japan expansion continues until battles of Midway (broke code and sunk carriers)and Guadalcanal (US offensive, first jungle battle): turn the tide.

• Two largest battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa• Sudden end of the war brought upon with the

use of Atomic bombs (2 dropped)

Effects on Societal Groups

• African Americans

• Native Americans

• Mexican Americans

• Japanese Americans

• Women