Chapter 25

The New Deal

American people and the crash

• Low incomes• Psychological impact- suicide• Family- malnutrition, baby shortage, falling

apart or stronger, homemaking,– Women working– Childhood anxiety– Escape from reality- movies, Gone with the Wind,

War of the Worlds, Scarface, The Grapes of Wrath

Dust Bowl

• Drought, no crop rotation, overproduction• Exodusters and okies

Minorities

• Cesear Chavez- fight for migrant workers• Repatriations- deportations even children

born in US• Scottsboro boys

Hoover

• “Rugged Individualism”• Rely on private charity• Begin city services• Smoot-Hawley Tariff- tariff on US good- hurts

US more then helps• Too little too late

• exhausted private and municipal resources. • Hoover unable to mobilize recovery.

– afraid that too much government activity would unbalance the budget, impede the return of business confidence and recovery, create an unwieldy and intrusive bureaucracy, and undermine individual freedom and initiative.

– too little and too late.

• Resentment grew. • Bonus Army on Washington in 1932. • Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt won • The Democratic victory laid the foundation of a powerful coalition

that would dominate politics for decades to come.

New Deal-First 100 days

• flood of legislation.• Relief- Recovery and Reform• federal planning with associational techniques to

try to revive the economy.• The National Recovery Administration promoted

industrial cooperation and self-regulation• Agricultural Adjustment Administration similarly

relied on private cooperation. But both were struck down by the Supreme Court.

2nd New Deal- second 100 days1935-1936

• Democrats take Congress. • protest New Deal Huey Long, Charles Coughlin, and Dr. Francis Townsend. -

push Roosevelt farther to the left in 1935.• greater regulation, long-term relief, and more sweeping reform. • The Social Security Act institutionalized a welfare state with a social

insurance program for the aged, infirm, and dependent children.• The National Labor Relations Act gave a powerful boost to organized labor. • Legislation also strengthened federal control over the private sector.• Roosevelt's 1936 reelection was built on a powerful coalition of the

traditionally Democratic South, big city ethnics, and labor, and it reflected the wide impact of the New Deal on the American people.

• Roosevelt coalition: support from south, industrial cities and labor= Democrats – class replaced region