Chapter 26 – World War II

Section Notes The War Begins The Home Front War in Europe and North Africa War in the Pacific Victory and Consequences

Video The Impact of the GI Bill

Images The Third Reich Primary Source: Supporting the War Struggles at Home Code Talkers Iwo Jima

Quick Facts Major Leaders of the War in

Europe Causes and Effects of World

War II Chapter 26 Visual Summary

Maps World War II in Europe, 1939-

1941 Pearl Harbor, 1941 World War II in Europe, 1942-

1945 War in the Pacific, 1941-1945

War in the Pacific

The Big Idea

Allied forces reversed Japan’s expansion in the Pacific and battled toward the main Japanese islands.

Main Ideas

• The Japanese continued advancing across the Pacific in 1942.

• The Allies stopped Japan’s advance with key victories over the Japanese navy.

• The Allies began battling toward Japan.

• Victory in the Pacific came after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Japan.

Main Idea 1: The Japanese continued advancing across the

Pacific in 1942.

• Attack on Pearl Harbor left U.S. Pacific fleet weakened.

• Japan advanced and conquered

– Thailand

– Burma

– the British colonies of Hong Kong and Singapore

– the U.S. territories of Guam and Wake Island.

Main Idea 1: The Japanese continued advancing across the

Pacific in 1942. • Japanese then attacked U.S. controlled Philippines.

– American and Filipino forces under command of American general Douglas MacArthur

– Douglas MacArthur was forced to leave

• March 1942– Allied forces surrender Philippines to Japan.

– Japanese march more than 70,000 captured soldiers to prison camps 63 miles away.

– More than 600 Americans and 10,000 Filipinos died in the Bataan Death March.

General MacArthor

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Main Idea 2: The Allies stopped Japan’s advance with key

victories over the Japanese navy.

• Allies feared continued Japanese advance.

• Americans were able to break Japanese codes and discovered battle plans.

• American admiral Chester Nimitz led the U.S. Pacific Fleet in Allied response.

Key Victories in the Pacific

Battle of the Coral Sea

• Japanese planned assault on Port Moresby, New Guinea.

• American and Japanese aircraft carriers and fighter planes clashed.

• No clear victor, but Japanese advance halted

Key Victories in the Pacific

Battle of Midway

• Japanese planned surprise attack on Midway Islands.

• June 4, 1942– Japanese attack and American fighters launch

• American bombers destroy four carriers and severely weaken Japanese naval power.

• Allied victory

Battle of Midway

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Key Victories in the Pacific

Guadalcanal

• Allies began recapturing Japanese territory.

• August 1942– American Marines invade Guadalcanal.

• Six months of intense fighting

• February 1943– Allied victory

Main Idea 3: The Allies began battling toward Japan.

• Allies go on offensive

– Develop island hopping strategy, where Allied forces took only the most strategically important islands.

– Win victories in Gilbert, Marshall, Mariana, Volcano, and Bonin Islands.

Main Idea 3: The Allies began battling toward Japan.

• October 1944– General MacArthur leads mission to retake Philippines.

– Confrontation at Battle of Leyte Gulf– largest naval battle in history

– Allies crush Japanese fleet.

– Allied forces drive out all Japanese forces by summer 1945.

Main Idea 3: The Allies began battling toward Japan.

• Allied planes begin bombing targets in Japan.

– Bombed 60 major Japanese cities

– Factories destroyed

– People starving

– 1 million people homeless in Tokyo

– Japanese refused to surrender.

Final Battles

• February 1945– U.S. Marines storm beaches of Iwo Jima

• Japanese dug into caves and fought to the death

• Month of bloody fighting

– Of 20,000 Japanese defenders, about a thousand were taken prisoner, the rest were killed or wounded in battle.

– Around 6,800 Americans killed

Iwo Jima

Code Talkers

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Final Battles

• April 1945– U.S. forces attack Okinawa.

• Fighting lasts three months

– Japanese planes use kamikaze tactic– purposely crashing piloted planes into enemy ships.

– Severe casualties

• Allies: 12,000 dead, 36,000 wounded

• Japan: 110,00 troops and 80,000 civilians dead

• Allies planned all out assault on Japan.

Okinawa

Kamikaze

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Main Idea 3: Victory in the Pacific came after the United

States dropped atomic bombs on Japan.

• Allied scientists developed the atomic bomb, a weapon that produces tremendous power by splitting atoms, in a secret program known as the Manhattan Project.

• When Japanese leaders refused to surrender, President Truman ordered use of the bomb.

Main Idea 3: Victory in the Pacific came after the United

States dropped atomic bombs on Japan.

• August 6, 1945– the B-29 bomber Enola Gay drops an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima.

– Explosion killed almost 80,000 people instantly.

– Thousands more died from burns and radiation poisoning.

• Japanese leaders still refused to surrender.

End of World War II

• August 9, 1945– U.S. forces drop a second atomic bomb on city of Nagasaki.

– One-third of the city destroyed

– 22,000 people killed instantly

• August 15, 1945– Japanese announce their surrender thus ending World War II.

Atomic Bomb

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End of World War II

• The war took a harsh toll.

– 50 million people killed

– National economies in Europe and Asia devastated

– Millions of people left without food, water, or shelter

– US became a world power

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