CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGYCHAPTER 3:RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTIONResearch methodology is one way to get the data to do the research. The data obtained is somewhat more subtle and detailed. According to Rajasekar et. al,(2013), research methodology is one way to solve the problem. In this case it is done more systematically. In conducting this research must be carried out according to a systematic rare-step. It aims to obtain more accurate data. In this chapter, investigation will be carried out to obtain the required information. This question is used to obtain the information needed for the study. In here research methodology different with the research method. Research methodology is the principles and the procedures of logical thought processes which been use in the scientific investigation. While research method is the techniques that been use to get the data in the research.In this research, the researchers will find the cause of the main problem based on research. Some questions will be used as whom, where and how. All the data were collected to be used for the analyses. The purpose is for guide future action. The data that need for research are including the background of the location and the current condition. It is also the communities of the residents at the low cost housing. The data that collected will also be analysed to know the situation of the problem. After that the researcher will find out the solution to reduce the problems.

3.2 RESEARCH PROCESS FRAMEWORKIn search of data, there are steps that must be followed to obtain more accurate data. The steps are:Identify Research Topic

Identify Problem Statement

Establish Objectives and Scope of Study

Literature Review

Data Collection

Primary Data Interview Observation

Secondary Data

Qualitative Method Semi structured Interview

Articles Journals Thesis

Data Analysis

Finding and Discussion

Conclusion and Recommendation

Figure 3.0: Research Process Framework3.2.1 Literature reviewLiterature review is to discuss the topic more relevant. This literature review will be made at the beginning of thesis. Normally this information will be obtained from a previous thesis. Purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the research want made. Information is derived from a book, journal, article, thesis, dissertation and newspaper. All information obtained shall be related to the study of interest. The obtained results will be evaluated each other to get more relevant data. This information will be incorporated into the study and the author's name will be placed in the study used to prove the information is true.In this study, literature review also was used to obtain the required information. Most of the information is derived from journals, thesis and also article. All this information is derived from other authors also studied the low-cost housing. In doing this literature review also was based on the objectives and scope of the study stated. From other people research all the information on low-cost housing available. The information is the types of infrastructure facilities, the problems faced and the satisfaction of residents available.3.2.2 Data collectionData collection is the method used to obtain the data. There are two types of methods. The methods are primary data and secondary data. The purpose of this method is used to get the data to achieve the objectives established.3.2.2.1 Primary data Primary data is data obtained from first-hand experience (Business Dictionary, 2013). This primary data is data that has not publish yet. Then the data is the original data. In the primary data it is more individual or focus group. Apart from that it will also get data from a panel of respondents. Between the parties involved is the authorized organization. Types of sources use are interviews, observations, questionnaire, and case study. In this research will be the use of resources is the interview and observation.(a) InterviewInterviews are one method used orally. According to Driscoll (2011), the interview is the session of the question and answer in directly with the respondent to get more detail of the data information. Usually the interview is in the primary data. There are three types of interview and it is unstructured interview, structured interview and semi-structure interview.In this study, it uses interviews. The interview that been use is semi-structure interview. Semi-structure interview is the qualitative method. This type of the interview is suitable for the small sample and it more specific information can be getting (Laforest, 2009). It is more focus on the group of the respondent. The interview is dividing into two. First the interview is with the residents and second with the developer. Respondents for this interview are among people in low-cost housing. This interview will be conducted face to face. It is also done informally. Here respondents are free to answer as well as planned according to their sentence. Besides, the interview will also be made to the developer. The interview has held at the office of the developer. In here the developer that had been chosen has experience in development of the low cost housing.The question for the interview also divides into two. It is because the question for the residents is different question of the developer. The question of the interview for the residents is allotting into two sections.

i) Section AIn this section, it is identifies the background of the respondents in low cost housing. The background are includes gender, age, duration of living, income and status of the house. ii) Section BIdentifies the types of the infrastructure facilities that been provided. It is also ask how the management of the facilities. In this question is identified the satisfaction of the residents towards the infrastructure facilities. Other question that been ask to the residents are problem, maintenance, sufficient of the facilities that be provided, complaint and so on. The developer is also having their own question. The question for the interview is also allocating into two sections. i) Section AIn this section it will state about the background of the developer. There are includes the gender, age, position in the company and experience in working.

ii) Section BThe section B it more focuses on the types of the facilities that provided to the low cost housing. Other than that, it also has the questions about the maintenance service, inspection to the facilities and the payment to the maintenance.(b) ObservationObservation is one of the data sources. This observation is usually done watching about what is studied. Researcher will look at the environment or behaviour. According to Driscoll (2011), when do the observation it must be related to the question that ben made. Observation of this study will be done to the residents of low cost housing. Among the observations made in terms of infrastructure is provided. Observations will be made in several places in order to make a comparison. The location of this study is at the low cost housing in Shah Alam.3.2.2.2 Secondary dataSecondary data is another method to get the data. Normally the data is from others. Researcher will use the research of others to gather data to help make the study researcher. Secondary data is qualitative. For secondary data sources are journals, thesis, book and newspaper. Secondary data will help researcher to get more data if the data from the primary data are not sufficient. In here the data that is collected is the related with the final project. In this final project it more focus on the satisfaction of the residents to the infrastructure facilities that be provided. So all researcher paper is must be related to the low cost housing and the infrastructure facilities.

3.2.3 Data analysis, finding and discussion3.2.3.1 Data analysisData analysis is the next step in the research framework after the data collection. The purpose of the data analysis is to analyse the data that get from data collection. In here the function of the data analysis is process to the evaluate data and give the logical reason from the data that be resulted (Business Dictionary, 2013)In this final project, the data analysis is from the interview with the respondent. The analyse will be divide in two part. The first analyse from the developer and second from the residents in the low cost housing. The questions of the respondent have two sections. There are Section A and Section BIn analysing the data in this final project, it is analyse by the section. The first analyse is start in Section A where it is about the background the background of the respondent. In here, there are two types of background. It is background of developer and the background of the residents. Then after the interview the Section A end in will continue with the Section B. in the Section B the question that be asked is more about the infrastructure facilities and the question for the residents being added with the satisfaction. The data that is get from the interview it will be analyse to make comparison.

3.2.3.2 Finding and discussionAfter the analyse the data was finished, it continue with the finding and discussion. The finding is based on the analyse the data. The finding is the result of the research. Usually the finding is supported with the graph or table. It is also stressed by Hon (2008), that to summarize the data it can be use the table or figure. The discussion is where the result is comparing with previous research. In here it mean from the previous research is there any similar with the result that have been get. This discussion is related with the Chapter 2 (Literature Review). Sometime in this discussion the new issue will arise. In this research the finding and discussion is combination. After the finding is complete, it will continue with the discussion. In this discussion is also related to the Chapter 2 (Literature Review). The example is the problems that occur from the facilities. Other than that in this discussion it will show other issue will exist. 3.2.3.3 Conclusion and recommendationAfter the finding and discussion is finish, it will proceed with new chapter where it is the conclusion. The conclusion is when the entire chapter was being completed. In this conclusion it will summarize all the research. According to the Academic Skill (2010), in this chapter is focus in topics and issue. Mostly in the conclusion is based on the objectives. The conclusion in this final project is based on the objectives that had been state in the Chapter 1. There have three (3) objectives. So in the conclusion must state that all the objectives are achieve or not.

3.3 SAMPLING DESIGNSample is the representative where it can be the people or object. Inhere the sample is to use to get the data for the research. The sampling is to provide a practical means of enabling the data collection and processing to be carried out. The reason of the sampling is to ensure that the sample provides a good representative of the population. Population is a group of potential participants to generalise the result of the study. In this research the sampling or sources of the data are the developer and the residents in the low cost housing.3.4 SAMPLING FRAMESampling frame is the list of the population that be used in the research. In this final project the samplings are developer and the residents in low cost housing. The residents are be categorized into two. There are residents in flats low cost housing and residents two storey terrace low cost housing. The respondents that are choosing are fifteen (15) respondents. From the fifteen (15) it divides into three (3) groups. The first group is developer where the total is five (5) respondents. Second group is residents in flats low cost housing where the number of respondents is three (3). The third group is residents from two storey terrace low cost housing where the total of the respondents is five (5)

3.5 SAMPLING TECHNIQUEThe sampling technique that be used in this final research is non-probability sampling. This technique is the sample is selected in such a way that the chance of being selected of each unit within the population or universe is unknown. The selection of the subjects or arbitrary or subjective relies on experience and judgement. As a result, there a no statistical techniques that allow for the measurement sampling error and therefore it is not appropriate to project the sample the sample characteristics to the population. Almost all qualitative research method relies on non-probability sampling techniques.

3.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTERThe summary from this chapter is about the methodology that be used to get the data. The reason of this methodology is to get the data and information to achieve the objective. In this research the data collection are divided into two. It is primary data. The primary data are interview and observation. This final project uses the qualitative research method where the interview is semi-structure interview. The secondary data is use data from the previous researcher like journal, thesis and article. 39