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CHAPTER 3

BASE LINE

ENVIRONMENT SETTING

Draft EIA Study Report – Bodal Agrotech Ltd., Dudhwada, Padra, Vadodara.

Ramans Enviro Services Pvt. Ltd., AHMEDABAD.

3. 1

CHAPTER - 3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 3.1 INTRODUCTION

To assess environmental impacts from proposed project at a specific location

it is essential to monitor the environment quality prevailing in the surrounding area

prior to implementation of the proposed project. The environment status within the

study area could be used for identification of significant environmental issues to be

addressed in the impact assessment study.

The impact from an existing industrial project on its surrounding environment

are mainly regulated by the nature of the pollutants, their quantities discharged to the

environment, existing environmental quality, assimilative capacity of the surrounding

environment and topography and terrain of the project site (its location) as well as

the surrounding area. In order to identify and establish the extent of likely impacts, it

is essential to gather information on existing environmental quality with regard to

various components of the environment.

For collecting the baseline information, primary data were generated wherever

possible and the other information was gathered from secondary data sources. For

the primary data study area was selected that included towns and villages within 10

km radius considering the project site as a center.

3.2 LIST OF VARIOUS INDUSTRIES

Details about the various industries, type and location alongwith the project

site of 10 km are presented at Table NO. - 3.1.



3. 2

Table No. 3.1: Details of Industries

Sr No Name Type

Distance (Km) &

Direction Location

1 Bodal Chemicals Ltd Dyes & Dyes Intermediate

0.2(SW) Dudhwada, ECP Channel Road,Padra

2 Kadillac Chemicals Pvt Ltd Chemical 5.34(NE) Kharkadi,

ECP Channel Road,Padra

3 Ami Life Science Chemical 4.80(NE) Kharkadi, ECP Channel Road,Padra

4 Best Value Chem Ltd Chemical 3.80(NE) Kharkadi, ECP Channel Road,Padra

5 Solaris ChemTech Industries Limited Chemical 3.50(NE) Kharkadi,

ECP Channel Road,Padra

6 Alembic Ltd Pharmaceutical 2.70(NE) Kharkadi, ECP Channel Road,Padra

7 Sterling Gelatin Chemical 3(NE) Dudhwada, ECP Channel Road, Padra

8 Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd Pharmaceutical 2.35(NE) Dudhwada,

ECP Channel Road, Padra

9 Mayur Dye Chem Intermediates Ltd

Dyes Intermediate

2.15(NE) Dudhwada, ECP Channel Road, Padra

10 Kiri Dyes & Chemicals Unit-V

Dyes Intermediate


11 Asahi Songwon Colors Ltd Pigment 1.70(NE) Dudhwada,


12 Chembond Chemicals Ltd Chemical 1.50(NE) Dudhwada,


13 Meghmani Dyes & Intermediates Ltd Chemical 0.70(NE) Dudhwada,


14 Lonsen Kiri Chemical Industries Ltd

Dyes Intermediate


15 Synergy Multichem Private Limited Chemical 1.0(NE) Dudhwada,


16 Aden Pharmaceutical Pvt Ltd Chemical 0.10(SW) Dudhwada,


17 Parkin Industries - II Dyes Intermediate


18 TML industries Ltd Chemical 3.0(SW) Piludra, Padra

19 Savana Ceramics Limited

Ceramics Tiles Manufacturer

7.10(SSW) Near Gajera, Jambusar

20 Piramal Glass Ltd Glass

Containers - Manufacturer

7.50(SSW) Near Gajera, Jambusar

21 Crompton Greaves Ltd Electrical Materials

5.50(SE) Kural, Padra Jambusar Highway

22 Philips Electronics India Ltd.

Electronics Manufacturer 5.67(SE) Gavasad,

Padra Jambusar Highway

23 Light & Glaze Extrusions Aluminium Extrusions 5.75(SE) Gavasad,




3. 3

Sr No Name Type

Distance (Km) &

Direction Location

24 Bell Granito Ceramic Ltd Ceramics Tiles Manufacturer 6.18(SE)

Gavasad, Padra Jambusar Highway

25 Haldyn Glass Gujarat Limited

Glass Containers - Manufacturer

5.80(ESE) Gavasad,


26 Prime Ceramics Pvt. Ltd. Ceramics Tiles Manufacturer 5.65(SE) Gavasad,


27 Saurashtra Solid Industries Pvt. Ltd. Chemical 5.60(SE) Gavasad,


28 Milestone Preservatives Pvt. Ltd. Chemical 5.55(SE) Gavasad,


29 Welsuit Glass & Ceramics Private Limited

Ceramics Tiles Manufacturer 5.82(ESE) Gavasad,


30 Aims Industries Limited Chemical 6.76(E) Gavasad, Padra Jambusar Highway

31 Janta Glass Limited Glass

Containers - Manufacturer

7.10(E) Gavasad,


32 Sterling Biotech Limited Pharmaceutical 6.40(SES) Masar, Padra Jambusar Highway

3.3 MICROMETEOROLOGY OF THE AREA

A general description of weather which includes diurnal and seasonal wind

pattern and wind direction, humidity etc is necessary to identify those features of the

local, sub regional and regional meteorology that influence the air quality in area of

the proposed project.

Site specific meteorological data for summer season from March 2011 to

May 2011 has been collected from weather monitoring station located at the Bodal

Chemical Ltd Unit VII just opposite to the proposed Bodal Agrotech Ltd Project site.

The climate was moderate during the study period. The maximum temperature

recorded for a period between March 2011 to May 2011 was during the month of

March, 46o C whereas the minimum temperature recorded was during the month of

April, 16o C.

The relative humidity levels varied from 10 % to 89 %. The maximum,

minimum as well as relative humidity for a period of March 2011 to May 2011 are

presented at Table no. - 3.2.



3. 4

Table no. 3.2 Micrometeorological Data

Month Temperature, oC Humidity, %

Max. Min. Max. Min.

March’11 46 18 87 10

April’11 45 16 89 10

May’11 43 23 89 16

3.3.1 Wind rose :

Based on site specific meteorological data, wind roses have been prepared

for the summer season. As per meteorological data it shows that average wind

speed in the summer season is 0.61 m/s and with maximum wind speed of 6.1 m/s.

It can be observed that in the summer season, wind blows mostly from South

West direction. And during the summer season total calm wind contributes to about

53%.

Site specific mean meterological data has been complied and represented at

Table no. - 3.3.

Based on meteorological data wind rose prepared for summer season is

shown at Fig. no. - 3.1.



3. 5

Table no. - 3.3 Site specific mean Meteorologicl Data for Summer Season, 2011.

Hour Dry Bulb Temp (°C)

Relative Humidity, (%)

Wind Speed (m/s)

Wind Direction (Degree)

Rainfall (mm)

0:00 25.9 54 0.1 295 0 1:00 23.5 59 0.1 216 0 2:00 23.0 59 0.1 212 0 3:00 29.5 39 0.5 206 0 4:00 34.7 26 0.4 143 0 5:00 37.6 19 0.4 213 0 6:00 33.9 27 0.1 175 0 7:00 27.0 48 0.2 315 0 8:00 27.8 46 0.2 263 0 9:00 17.7 45 0.1 161 0

10:00 25.0 62 0.2 220 0 11:00 33.3 35 0.5 194 0 12:00 38.3 23 0.6 153 0 13:00 40.4 17 0.6 141 0 14:00 33.4 31 0.2 201 0 15:00 27.7 53 0.2 234 0 16:00 30.4 61 2.0 224 0 17:00 29.2 69 1.3 223 0 18:00 27.9 73 0.7 236 0 19:00 26.6 74 0.5 239 0 20:00 31.2 57 1.1 273 0 21:00 35.8 41 1.4 284 0 22:00 39.3 30 1.5 282 0 23:00 30.4 46 0.6 225 0

Average 30.4 45.6 0.6 222 0



3. 6

Fig. no. 3.1 : Wind rose Diagram for the Summer Season of the year 2011



3. 7

3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.4.1 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) : The basic objective of collection of base line data for air environment is to

identify project specific air pollutants being released into the atmosphere, which will

have significant impact on air environment of immediate vicinity of the proposed

project site. For assessment of the baseline data it is important to specify the study

area in respect of the location of the proposed project at Village: Dudhwada. As per

TOR it was decided to study ambient air quality at 6 locations within the study area

of 10 km in different directions in the probable impact zone including the project site.

3.4.1.1 Location of AAQ Monitoring Stations: Ambient air quality stations were chosen considering the various factors like

the pre-dominant wind direction, up-wind direction, terrain of the area, high

population zone, available infrastructure facilities like power supply, accessibility etc..

The location of AAQ monitoring stations are shown in fig. no. 3.2 and

tabulated at Table no. 3.4.

Table No. 3.4 Sampling Locations for AAQ

Sr. No.

Location Site Selection Criteria Direction Distance from

Site (km)

1. At BCL Site

-- SW 0.20

2. Pilodra Up wind direction SW 2.60

3. Kareli High population NW 2.40

4. Karkhari High population & Down wind NE 3.90

5. Kahnwa Down wind direction E 2.80

6. Gametha Up wind direction ESE 4.35

7. Tithor Crosswind directin habitation NNW 3.70

8. Masar Crosswind direction habitation SES 5.0



3.8

Figure no. 3.2 Sampling Location Map



3.9

3.4.1.2 Base Line Data The base line data monitoring commencing from March 2011 to assess the

existing sub regional air quality status for the study area. Analytical methods prescribed

by CPCB were used for carrying out air quality monitoring. At all these sampling

locations PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and HCl were monitored on 24 hourly basis to enable

the comparison with ambient air quality standards prescribed by the Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB).

Based on data obtained through ambient air quality survey the statement

showing maximum, minimum, average concentration, standard deviation and 98

percentile values at different monitoring locations in the study area have been computed

and presented at Table No. 3.5.

Table No. 3.5 Ambient Air Quality Status of Study Area

LOCATION MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE STANDARD DEVIATION

98 %tile

PM10 µg/m3(Permissible Limit :100 µg/m3) (Time weighted: 24 hrs)

At BCL Site 92.00 68.00 80.00 7.00 92.00 Pilodra 92.00 64.00 79.00 7.50 91.00 Kareli 74.00 49.00 62.00 6.50 73.00

Karkhari 89.00 56.00 75.00 9.60 89.00 Kahnwa 84.00 58.00 69.00 6.84 82.50 Gametha 91.00 55.00 73.00 10.50 90.00

Tithor 85.00 69.00 79.00 6.44 84.92 Masar 80.00 55.00 67.80 9.20 79.36

PM2.5 µg/m3(Permissible Limit : 60 µg/m3)(Time weighted: 24 hrs)



Tithor 53.00 42.00 49.00 4.36 53.00



3.10

LOCATION MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE STANDARD DEVIATION

98 %tile

Masar 49.00 34.00 41.80 5.50 48.60

SO2 µg/m3(Permissible Limit :80 µg/m3)(Time weighted: 24 hrs)



Tithor 17.00 10.00 13.40 2.70 16.84 Masar 16.00 9.00 12.00 2.73 15.76

NOx µg/m3(Permissible Limit :80 µg/m3)(Time weighted: 24 hrs)



Tithor 18.00 14.00 16.00 1.58 17.92 Masar 20.00 12.00 15.00 3.64 19.76

HCl µg/m3 (Permissible Limit :Not specified)(Time weighted: 8 hrs)

At BCL Site 54.00 28.00 39.86 9.79 53.28 Pilodra BDL BDL -- -- -- Kareli BDL BDL -- -- --

Karkhari BDL BDL -- -- -- Kahnwa BDL BDL -- -- -- Gametha BDL BDL -- -- --

Tithor BDL BDL -- -- -- Masar BDL BDL -- -- --



3.11

Based on data obtained, it could be stated that, during study period the average

concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were found in the range of 62 - 80 µg/m3 and 39 -

49 µg/m3 respectively. The average concentrations of SO2 and NOx were found in the

range of 12 - 17µg/m3 and 15 - 28 µg/m3 respectively. However, HCl detected only at

BCL site during the study period with the average concentration were found is 39.86

µg/m3. Detection limit for HCl is 20 µg/m3.

3.4.1.3 Additioal Data As a part of additional TOR conveyed by Expert Apprisal Committee (EAC),

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including Benzene, CO, Ammonia and Fluoride

were collected for Fugitive Emissions, at different monitoring locations. The collected

data has been presented at Table No. - 3.6. Table No. 3.6 Fugitive Emission of Study Area

LOCATION MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE STANDARD DEVIATION 98 %tile

VOC mg/m3(Permissible Limit :Not specified)(Time weighted: 8 hrs)

At BCL Site 0.23 < 0.014 0.08 0.09 < 0.014 Pilodra 0.15 < 0.015 0.10 0.10 < 0.015 Kareli 0.31 < 0.014 0.10 0.14 < 0.014

Karkhari 0.45 <0.010 0.12 0.16 <0.010 Kahnwa 0.32 < 0.010 0.07 0.11 < 0.010 Gametha 0.24 < 0.010 0.05 0.10 < 0.011

CO mg/m3(Permissible Limit : 2 mg/m3)(Time weighted: 8 hrs)

At BCL Site N.D N.D -- -- -- Pilodra N.D N.D -- -- -- Kareli N.D N.D -- -- --

Karkhari N.D N.D -- -- -- Kahnwa N.D N.D -- -- -- Gametha N.D N.D -- -- --

Tithor N.D N.D -- -- -- Masar N.D N.D -- -- --



3.12

LOCATION MAXIMUM MINIMUM AVERAGE STANDARD DEVIATION 98 %tile

NH3 μg/m3(Permissible Limit :400 μg/m3)(Time weighted: 24 hrs) At BCL Site BDL BDL -- -- --

Pilodra BDL BDL -- -- -- Kareli BDL BDL -- -- --


Tithor BDL BDL -- -- -- Masar BDL BDL -- -- --

F- mg/m3(Permissible Limit :Not specified)(Time weighted: 8 hrs)



Tithor 1.27 0.27 0.68 0.52 1.24 Masar 2.25 1.10 1.84 0.64 2.25

Based on data obtained, it could be stated that, during study period the average

concentrations of VOCs and Fluoride were found in the range of 0.05 – 1.40 mg/m3 and

0.14 – 1.84 mg/m3 respectively. NH3 detected only at Karkhari, Kahnwa and Gametha

villages during the study period with the average concentration were found in the range

of 63.17 – 83.16 µg/m3. However, CO is not detected at any sampling location during

the study period.

3.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water environment is widely divided into two categories:

1. Surface water : river, drains, canals, ponds etc

2. Ground water: Accumulation in deeper strata of ground.



3.13

Ground water samples (from 8 locations) and surface water samples (from 6

locations) were collected and analyzed for drinking water quality parameters i.e.

physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals. The sampling was carried out once

during the study period. However, one smaller pond located at kareli village partially

dried and not appropriate for sampling during the sampling period and the photo of pond

shown in Annexure no. - 3.1-Photo documentation.

The map showing location of sampling points is shown at Figure no. 3.2. The

analysis results are presented at Table No. 3.7 & 3.8.



3.14

Table No. 3.7 Water Quality Parameters (Ground water sources-Borewell)

Sr No Parameters Unit

IS 10500: 1991 Sampling Location

Desirable Permissible Karkhadi Kareli Piludra BCL Site Kahanwa Gametha Tithor Masar

1. Colour Hazen 5 25 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2

2. Odour -- Unobjectionable -- Agreeable Agreeabl

e Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl

e Agreeab

le Agreeab

le

3. Taste -- Agreeable -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

4. Turbidity NTU 5 10 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6

5. pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 7.5 7.3 7.7 7.9 7.9 8.5 7.8 7.5

6. Total

hardness (as CaCO3)

mg/L 300 600 1619.6 1519 1086.5 387.3 372.2 367.2 2085.82 708.58

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.11 <0.1

8. Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 2065.7 1649.5 573.6 830.1 310 719.7 2342.04 951

9. Residual free chlorine mg/L 0.2 -- <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2

10. Fluoride (as F) mg/L 1 1.5 0.53 0.58 0.41 0.94 0.73 0.81 0.64 0.65

11. TDS mg/L 500 2000 3648 3308 1580 2040 1130 1810 4524 2181

12. Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 75 200 205.2 146.9 98.6 22.1 38.2 32.2 782.43 83.83

13. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 30 100 268.9 279.9 204.1 80.6 67.2 69.6 268.9 121.26

14. Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.08

15. Manganese (as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

16. Sulphate(as SO4)

mg/L 200 400 341.2 273.39 110.2 11.9 77 154 388.57 163.9

17. Nitrate mg/L 45 45 44.3 22.39 14.26 19.85 29.8 11.8 18.54 28.03



3.15

Sr No Parameters Unit


Desirable Permissible Karkhadi Kareli Piludra BCL Site Kahanwa Gametha Tithor Masar

18. Phenolic

compounds (as Phenol)

mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001

19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

21. Selenium (as Se) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22. Aresenic (as As) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

23. Cyanide (as CN) mg/L 0.05 0.05 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. <0.010 <0.010

24. Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25. Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 5 15 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

26. Anionic

detergents (as MBAS)

mg/L 0.2 1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

27. Chromium mg/L 0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

28. Polynuclear

aromatic hydrocarbons

mg/L -- -- <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

29. Mineral oil mg/L 0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01

30. Alkalinity (as CaCO3)

mg/L 200 600 370.2 531 559.6 556.8 413.3 485 374.49 374.49

31. Aluminium (as Al) mg/L 0.03 0.2 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.05 0.12 0.06 <0.03 0.07

32. Boron mg/L 1 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

33. Pesticide residues mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.0000

1 <0.0000

1 34. Temperature Deg.C -- -- 30.7 29.7 33.8 32.2 29.8 28.5 30.7 30



3.16

Table no. 3.8 Water Quality Parameters (Surface water Source-Pond)

Sr No

Parameters

Unit


Desirable Permissible Karkhadi Piludra Joshipura Kahanwa Gametha Masar

1. Colour Hazen 5 25 < 2 > 2 & <5 >5 & <10 < 2 >2 & <5 <5

2. Odour -- Unobject -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

3. Taste -- Agreeable -- -- -- -- -- -- ‐‐

4. Turbidity NTU 5 10 3.7 17.6 30.1 23 29.9 4.2

5. pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 –

8.5 9 8.8 9.1 7.9 9.1 7.6

6.

Total hardness (as CaCO3) mg/L 300 600 1609.6 709.2 140.8 95.6 362.1 788.42

7. Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.3 1 0.13 0.65 2.62 2.43 1.5 0.2

8. Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 250 1000 2293.6 652 64.1 21.4 983.3 1327.16

9.

Residual free chlorine mg/L 0.2 -- <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.20

10. Fluoride (as F) mg/L 1 1.5 0.52 0.52 0.25 0.19 0.71 0.57

11. TDS mg/L 500 2000 3964 1714 417 171 2386 2796

12. Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 75 200 82.5 32.2 28.1 18.1 30.2 91.82

13.

Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 30 100 341 152.8 17.1 12.2 69.7 135.81

14. Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.05 1.5 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.01

15.

Manganese (as Mn) mg/L 0.1 0.3 <0.05 0.08 0.54 0.26 0.12 <0.05

16. Sulphate(as SO4) mg/L 200 400 396.2 267.2 80.8 22.4 245.9 205.52

17. Nitrate mg/L 45 45 <2.0 12.28 <2.0 2.21 <2 12.81



3.17

Sr No

Parameters

Unit


Desirable Permissible Karkhadi Piludra Joshipura Kahanwa Gametha Masar

18. Phenolic

compounds (as Phenol)

mg/L 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003

21. Selenium (as Se) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

22. Aresenic (as As) mg/L 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

23. Cyanide (as CN) mg/L 0.05 0.05 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.010

24. Lead (as Pb) mg/L 0.05 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

25. Zinc (as Zn) mg/L - - <0.1 0.17 <0.1 <0.1 0.13 <0.10

26.

Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mg/L 0.2 1 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

27. Chromium mg/L 0.05 0.05 <0.05 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

28.

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons mg/L -- -- <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

29. Mineral oil mg/L 0.01 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01

30.

Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 200 600 163.6 355.9 221 103.3 562.5 441.18

31. Aluminium (as Al) mg/L 0.03 0.2 0.21 0.72 1.87 1.49 1.31 <0.03

32. Boron mg/L 1 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.00

33.

Pesticide residues mg/L 0.001 0.001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001 <0.00001

34. Temperature Deg.C -- -- 32.6 33.7 36.4 34.2 35.8 35



3.18

3.6 NOISE MONITORING

The noise level measurement within the sensitive locations in study area was

carried out so as to have estimation of back ground noise level. Noise level readings

in study area were taken at 8 different locations using a sound level meter. The map

showing sampling locations where noise level was estimated is shown at figure no. 3.2. The average noise levels are presented at Table no. 3.9.

Table No. 3.9 Noise Level Data

Sr. No

Location (Category of Area)

CPCB Limits in dB(A) Noise Level in dB(A)

Day time Night Time Day time Night Time

1. Kahnva (Residential) 55 45 46.2 44.6

2. Gametha (Residential) 55 45 51.5 43.4

3. Pilodra (Residential) 55 45 52.6 43.9

4. BCL site (Industrial) 75 70 73.2 68.5

5. Kareli (Residential) 55 45 51.2 42.4

6. Karkhari (Residential) 55 45 52.6 44.7

7. Tithor (Residential) 55 45 49.6 43.8

8. Masar (Residential) 55 45 53.1 44.5

During monitoring period, comparison of the noise levels with the CPCB

standards it reveals that the noise level at all locations is within the specified limit.

The noise level varied between 46.2 dB (A) to 73.2 dB (A) during day time and 42.4

dB (A) to 68.5 dB (A) during night time for whole study area. The noise level varied

at the same place at different times due to fluctuations in traffic movements as well

as commercial and domestic activities going on in the study area.



3.19

3.7 SOIL

3.7.1 Baseline Data 6 locations within study area were identified for collection of soil samples. The

sampling locations are shown in figure no. 3.2.

3.7.2 Physical Characteristics Physical characteristics of soil are delineated through specific parameters, viz.

particle size distribution (grain size analysis), porosity, water holding capacity and

permeability. The particle size distribution in terms of gravel, sand, silt and clay are

presented at Table No. 3.10. Table No. 3.10 Particle Size Distribution of Soil samples

Sr. No. Sampling LocationsParticle size distribution

G (%) S (%) M+C (%) 1. Kareli 0.0 5.0 95.0

2. Bodal Agrotech site 0.0 24.0 76.0

3. Kahanwa 0.0 23.0 77.0

4. Karkhari 0.0 32.0 68.0

5. Gametha 0.0 28.0 72.0

6. Pilodra 0.0 16.0 84.0 NOTE :

G: Gravel (> 4.75 mm) M: Silt (2 μm - 75 μm) S: Sand (75 μm – 4.75 mm) C: Clay (<2 μm)

Soil porosity is a measure of air filled pore spaces and gives information about

movement of gases, inherent moisture, and development of root system and

strength of soil. Soil porosity, water holding capacity and permeability of soil samples

are shown at Table No. 3.11.



3.20

Table No. 3.11 Physical Characteristics

Sr. No. Sampling Locations

Permeability (mm/sec)

Water Holding

Capacity (%) Porosity (%)

1. Kareli 4.2x 10-6 42 31.20

2. Bodal Agrotech site 2.7 x 10-4 38 30.53

3. Kahanwa 3.4x10-4 28 30.76

4. Karkhari 4.2x 10-4 28 31.81

5. Gametha 2.1 x10-4 29.5 30.62

6. Pilodra 6.2x 10-6 40 30.68

3.7.3 Chemical Characteristics Data for chemical characterization of soil were collected through selected

parameters viz. pH, electrical conductivity, alkali matter, cation exchange capacity,

sodium absorption ratio and fluoride are presented at Table No. 3.12. pH is an important parameter indicative of the alkaline or acidic nature of the

soil. It greatly affects the microbial species as well as the solubility of metal ions and

regulates nutrients availability. pH of study area was found within the range of 6.63

– 9.2.

Electrical conductivity is a measure of the soluble salts in soil, ranges from

700 – 4125 mho/cm. Cation exchange capacity of soil in study area varies from 20.1

– 39.8 meq of H+/100 gm.

Table No. 3.12 Chemical Characteristics

Sr. No.

Sampling Locations

pH Electrical

conductivity (mho/cm)

Alkali matter

(%)

Cation exchange capacity (meq of

H+/100 gm)

Sodium Absorption

Ratio

Fluoride (gm / Kg)

1. Kareli 7.16 1065 0.026 23.2 0.059 0.063

2. Bodal Agrotech site

6.63 1020 0.024 24.1 0.07 0.082



3.21

3. Kahanwa 7.51 1215 0.031 26.7 0.065 0.178

4. Karkhari 7.78 1350 0.029 28 0.074 0.122

5. Gametha 6.85 700 0.016 20.1 0.041 0.105

6. Pilodra 9.2 4125 0.102 39.8 0.28 0.033

3.8 LAND USE PATTERNS

Remote sensing technology has emerged as a powerful tool in providing

reliable information on various natural resources at different levels of details in a

spatial form. Land use distribution in the study area has been estimated using

remote sensing technique. The land use pattern of the study area has been studied

by satellite imaginary picture obtained from “Google Earth”.

Based on land use of the study area it can be observed that major part of the

study area falls under agricultural use and only a small portion is under industrial

use.

Study Area & Location :

The most fascinating aspect of Vadodara location is that located on the banks

of river Vishvamitri. The city is located on 22º30' North latitude and 73º20' East

longitude. Vadodara is located at an altitude of 636 feet. The study area falls on 72°

52' 45.207"N and 22° 10' 50.392"E inside the city.

Data Acquisition:

Satellite Data : Data acquired from National Remote Sensing Center, Govt. of India

Table No. : 3.13 Satellite Data

Sl. No. Satellite Data

Scene Date Format Description

1 IRS LISS IV 077 01 Nov.2009

TIFF Orbit no. 31359, resolution 5.6 m.

2 IRS LISS IV 078 01 Nov.2009

TIFF Orbit no. 31359, resolution 5.6 m.

Methodology :



3.22

The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of

the present study involves the following steps:

• Satellite data of IRS P6 LISS IV sensor is geometrically corrected and

enhanced using principal component method and Nearest Neighborhood

resampling technique.

• Preparation of basic themes like layout map, transport & settlement map and

from the satellite image by visual interpretation.

• Essential maps (related to natural resources) like Land use / Land cover map

are prepared by visual interpretation of the satellite imagery. Visual

interpretation is carried out based on the image characteristics like tone, size,

shape, pattern, texture, location, association, background etc. in conjunction

with existing maps/ literature.

• Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the

maps prepared.

• All the maps prepared are converted into soft copy by digitization of contours

and drainages. In that process editing, labeling, mosaicing, quality checking,

data integration etc are done, finally Land use areas are measured in Square

Kilometers.

DESCRIPTION OF MAPS : Layout Map

Sl.No. Used Data Scale Description

1 Satellite Data 1:115,000 IRS LISSIV

The Layout maps are prepared using LISS IV Satellite Data. The Satellite

Data were first geo-referenced and merged together. All the settlements, water

bodies and transportation are taken into consideration.

Land use Map Analysis : Land use Map Analysis done based on the image color, texture, Tone etc.

Following steps are used to analyze the Land use pattern of project site:



3.23

• Collection of IRS LISS IV images and made fused and blended the images for

color combinations using Image interpreter-Utilities and Layer stack option

available in ERDAS.

• Identification AOI and made a buffer of 10 km radius.

• Enhance the Fused and blended LISS IV image using the Spatial,

Radiometric and Temporal options in ERDAS.

• Rectified the LISS IV image using Georeferencing technique, Toposheet to

get UTM coordinate system.

• Subset the LISS images and Toposheet using 10Kms buffer AOI.

• Automatic classifications done for LISS IV images using maximum iterations

and number of options in unsupervised classification options.

• Created the signature file by selecting the more samples of different features

with AOI on Unsupervised classification image.

• Export to Vector layer from supervised classification image.

• Gone through the QC / QA and finalized the data.

Digital Image Classification: Overview of Classifications:

Digital Image classification procedures were applied to the mosaiced images

of LISS-IV. In order to do a Land use classification of the area that comes under a

10km buffer radius of the study area, IRS-P6 images were used. Figure no. 3.3 – Map for Project location on Satellite image :

Since all the data of the study area were georeferenced to UTM 43N WGS84

projection system, the satellite images were also obtained with the same

georeferencing from NRSA who provided the GeoTIFFs of the scenes. Before a

classification could be performed, however, the satellite images needed to be pre-

processed. All the processing and classification of the satellite images were



3.24

performed in the ERDAS Imagine 9.1 software. The data was delivered in separate

bands of 2, 3 and 4. As such, the first step was to stack the data layers together to

get a composite. The scenes were then mosaiced together since the study area

covered parts of both the scenes. Once a satisfactory mosaic was done whereby the

joins were no longer visible and the radiometric resolution of both the scenes

matched, the satellite image was then subset using a vector of the 10 kms buffer

radius of the study area. This subset of the original images was then run through the

unsupervised classification tool of the software to finally create the grouping of

classes present in the study area.

Fig. no. 3.3 : Location of proposed site on Satellite image

Figure no. 3.4 – Map for the Settlement, Industrial areas, River and Water bodies

occupancy in the study area :

The showing the water bodies and the drainages in and around the site area

was prepared using the satellite image data for 10km radius. As per the drainages



3.25

map it is observed that the river Mahe is passing from the North- west side of

proposed site. The river is about 8 km from the site.

Figure no. 3.4 : Showing the location of settlement and other land mark features

Figure no. 3.4[a] – Map showing Wild Life Sanctuary, National Park occupancy in

the study area :

The wild life sanctuary map shows the location of all the national parks, bird

reserves and sanctuary of Gujarat state. As per the study results , there is no any

sanctuary or national parks within 10 km radius location of proposed Bodal

Chemicals site. The Black national park is located at about 80 km from the site.



3.26

Fig. no. 3.4[a] - Showing the location of site and the wild life sanctuaries and

National parks in Gujarat

Figure no. 3.4[b] – Map for the Land use (Level-2) classification found within 10

Kms. Buffers : Table no. : 3.13[a]

The land use classification of the satellite image yielded the following classes:

Class Area in Sq. Kms. Percentage

River 32.857 10.11%

Mud_Flat 26.57135 8.44%

Sandy_Area 11.8571 3.77%

Mud_Flat_with_Crop_Land 29.4285 9.35%

Open_Scrub 21.99995 6.99%

Crop_Land 74.71415 23.79%

Dense_Scrub 31.57135 10.03%

Transportation 27.7142 8.80%



3.27

Habitation 18.5571 5.98%

Marshy_Crop_Land 21.28565 6.76%

Water_Bodies 17.79995 5.71%

Total 314.285 100.00%

Fig. no. 3.4[b] : Land use classification map using satellite image Liss IV, IRS

data



3.28

Fig. no. 3.4[c] : Graphical Presentation of Land use (Level-2) classification

Map. However, the biggest land cover in this area is Crop Land followed by Land without

scrub and the dominancy of Land Cover gradually decreased up to Sandy Area.

River : A natural stream of water with a considerable volume, occupied 10.11% of

total area.

Mud_Flat : The area occupied by the mud, it is not suitable for any agricultural

activities. The occupancy is 8.44%.

Sandy_Area : Part of river bed, which is a uplifted portion of river, where water flow

is vary less or nill. Having a occupancy of 3.77%.

Mud_Flat_with_Crop_Land : The area ,which is less occupied by mud, where

agriculture is possible. It is covered the area of 9.35%.

Open_Scrub : Area occupied by scanty scrubs. 6.99% is the occupancy of it.

Crop_Land : It is a good agricultural land and the best way to onserve it is to make

full use of the land. It is occupied23.79%.

Dense_Scrub : The density of scrub is more in this area. It covers 10.03% of total

area.

Transportation : The area is occupied by roads, railways and other transportation

media. The occupancy is 8.80%.



3.29

Habitation : It is defined as an area of human habitation developed due to

nonagricultural use. settlement and Industrial area in the study area constitutes

5.98%of the total study area.

Marshy_Crop_Land : The crop Land with water logging, occupied 6.76% of total

area.

Water_Bodies : Tthe part of the earth's surface covered with water . It is a natural or

man-made enclosed water body with a regulated flow of water. It occupies 5.71%in

this study area.

Figure no. 3.4[d] : Digitized map of landuse :

This maps shows very clear pattern of landuse. The map is developed using

satellite image. As per the analysis, the map shows about 60 % of crop land in the

study area.

Fig. No. 3.4[d] : Map showing the digitized land use within 10 km radius of proposed site

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