chapter 3 cells 3.2 cell organelles. key concept eukaryotic cells share many similarities
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 3 CELLS3.2 Cell Organelles
![Page 2: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
![Page 3: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cells have an internal structure.
• The cytoskeleton has many functions• supports and shapes• cell helps position and
transport organelles• provides strength• assists in cell division• aids in cell movement
![Page 4: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Three main types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton.• Microtubules – long hollow tubes
Give cell shape Act as “tracks” for the
movement of organelles• Intermediate filaments
Smaller then MicrotubulesGive cell strength
• MicrofilamentsSmallest of 3Tiny threads that help cell
move and divideRecall that Cytoplasm also
helps shape the cell
![Page 5: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Cytoplasm aids in structure• The fluid portion mostly
water is called cytosol• Gives structure to cells
by exerting pressure on the cell walls of plants
![Page 6: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.
• Much of the cell is dedicated to making proteins• Recall proteins are made
from 20 amino acids
• Proteins are very powerful because of their almost limitless variety of shapes and interactions
• Proteins carry out many critical functions• Need to be made correctly
![Page 7: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Nucleus• Control center “brain of cell”• Stores genetic information - DNA.
![Page 8: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Nucleolus• Dark spots in nucleus
Ribosomes are made here
![Page 9: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Endoplasmic reticulum• Interconnected network of thin folded membranes • Transports materials throughout the cell• Produce lipids and proteins
![Page 10: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Two Types of ER• Rough ER• Contains ribosomes• Makes and transports proteins
• Smooth ER• NO ribosomes• Makes and transports lipids
![Page 11: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Golgi apparatus• Closely layered stacks of
membrane enclosed spaces
• Looks like a stack of pancakes
• Proteins are sorted, processed, and delivered
• Packaging and distribution center of the cell
![Page 12: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Ribosomes• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.
• Proteins synthesis – they’re made here!
![Page 13: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Vesicles• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold and
transport materials.
![Page 14: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Other organelles have various functions.
• Mitochondria• Supply energy to the cell.• Via respiration – glucose + oxygen = energy
![Page 15: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Vacuoles• Fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.
![Page 16: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Lysosomes• Break down worn out cell parts• Contain enzymes to digest material (bacteria).
![Page 17: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Centrioles • Centrosomes small regions in
cytoplasm
• Tubes found in the centrosomes.• Centrioles help divide DNA• Centrioles form cilia and flagella
![Page 18: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Plant cells differ slightly from animal cells.
• Plant cells have:• Cell walls• Chloroplasts• Central vacuole
![Page 19: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Cell wall• Protects, supports and shapes cell• Made of cellulose – (what is that?)
![Page 20: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Chloroplasts• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.
How? Photosynthesis
Magnified
![Page 21: CHAPTER 3 CELLS 3.2 Cell Organelles. KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062304/56649e675503460f94b62766/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Food for thought! • Chloroplast/Mitochondria
• Both have their own DNA and ribosomes• Were they once separate organisms???????