chapter 3 cellular structure and function section 1 ... · cellular structure and function section...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3
Cellular Structure and Function
Section 1 - Introduction to Cells
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The Cell!
Smallest living unit
We can see cells using a
But, if we use an electron microscope we can see MUCH more!
Worlds Most Powerful Microscope Video
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Organelles - Tiny structures within cells
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Inner Parts of a Cell
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Who saw cells first?
1665 - Robert Hooke
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Soon after, Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw bacteria
Rotifer
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The Cell Theory
States 3 things:
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Why are cells so tiny?
Area to Volume ratio
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Cells have specialized shapes
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ALL cells have:
Plasma (cell) membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
DNA
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Two broad types of cells
Prokaryotic EukaryoticNo nucleus
No "membrane bound" organelles
Nucleus
Many organelles
Smaller Larger
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1 Tiny structures that make up cells are called
A Organs
B Nucleus
C Organelles
D Sub-units
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2 Which type of microscope allowed us to see organelles inside of cells?
A Light Microscope
B Electron Microscope
C Sonic Microscope
D Telescope
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3 Which two of the following are characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
A Nucleus
B No Nucleus
C Organelles
D No "membrane bound" organelles
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Where does this leave viruses?
Virus = Protein + DNA
No plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm = Not a cell
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Section 2
Cell Structures
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Plasma Membrane
"wall"
made of lipids
semipermeable
Typical Eukaryotic Cell Parts
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Plasma Membrane
Other molecules are embedded in the membrane
Proteins - Act as passageways
Cholesterol - Strengthens
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Cytosol
water + other molecules
cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm
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Nucleus
Contains DNA
Chromosomes - X shaped, DNA wrapped around proteins
DNA has "instructions" to make proteins
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Ribosomes
Produces rough proteins
"Factory"
Ribosomes are produces in the nucleolus
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER vs Smooth ER
Transports products
"Highway"
Proteins Lipids
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Golgi apparatus
"Refinery"
Finishes proteins
Ships them to destination in vesicles
"Post Office"
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Lysosome
Breaks down old molecules & defective proteins
"Scrapyard"
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Mitochondria
Produce energy (ATP) from food
"Powerplant"
Endosymbiosis
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Cytoskeleton
Gives shape and strength to cell
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Flagella - tail-like structure
Cilia - hair-like structures
Movement
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Centrioles
Involved in cell reproduction
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4 The "brain" of the cell is the
A Endoplasmic Reticulum
B Ribosomes
C Nucleus
D Plasma Membrane
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5 Which organelle produces proteins? (is like a factory)
A Endoplasmic Reticulum
B Ribosomes
C Nucleus
D Plasma Membrane
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6 Which organelle provides energy for the cell?
A Nucleus
B Mitochondria
C Golgi apparatus
D Lysosome
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Special Plant Organelles
Cell Wall
Strength & Protection
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Vacuole
Stores water and nutrients
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Plastids
Location of photosynthesis
3 types
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts
Make and store pigments
Store starch
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Section 3
Cell Transport and Homeostasis
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Cells need to move things in and out
Passive TransportNo energy
more concentrated less concentrated
3 Types
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Diffusion
usually small, neutral molecules (O2, CO2)
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Osmosis
Special type of diffusion - referring to water
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Hypertonic Solution - More solutes than cell
Hypotonic Solution - Less solutes than cell
Isotonic Solution - Same
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Facilitated Diffusion
No energy, but special passageways are required
Larger molecules (H2O, C6H12O6)
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Active Transport
Against "concentration gradient" (low to high)
Energy required (ATP)
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Sodium-potassium Pump
Na+ pumped out, K+ pumped in
Important in muscle contractions and neuron activity
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Vesicle Transport
Very large molecules (proteins)
Endocytosis - Bringing into cell
Exocytosis - Out of cell
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7 If a cell is placed into a solution and the cell shrinks, then the solution must be a __________ solution.
A Hypotonic
B Isotonic
C Hypertonic
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8 The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane is called
A Diffusion
B Facilitated Diffusion
C Active Transport
D Osmosis
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9 The picture below represents hydrogen ions being pumped "against the concentration gradient". This is an example of
A Diffusion
B Facilitated Diffusion
C Active Transport
D Osmosis