chapter 3 computer software. chapter contents chapter 3: computer software 2 section a: software...

Chapter 3Computer Software

Chapter Contents

Chapter 3: Computer Software

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Section A: Software Basics

Section B: Popular Applications

Section C: Buying Software

Section D: Installing Software and Upgrades

Section E: Security Software

Software Basics


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Software Categories

Application Software

Utility Software

Device Drivers

Software Categories


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Application Software


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Productivity software can be defined as any type of application software that has the potential to help people do their work more efficiently

Groupware is designed to help several people collaborate on a single project using local networks or Internet connections

Utility Software


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Utility software (a type of system software) is designed to help you monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment, the operating system, or application software

A desktop widget is a specialized utility program that appears on a computer’s screen-based desktop

Device Drivers

A device driver is software that helps a peripheral device establish communication with a computer

Windows Device Manager


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Popular Applications


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Document Production Software

Spreadsheet Software

“Number Crunching” Software

Database Software

Graphics Software

Popular Applications


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Music Software

Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software

Educational and Reference Software

Entertainment Software

Business Software

Question


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Just about everyone has used iTunes software to download music. iTunes software also allows you to list the songs you’ve downloaded, delete songs, find songs, and organize your music into play lists. These features of iTunes are similar to what type of software?A. Word processing softwareB. Spreadsheet softwareC. Database softwareD. Groupware



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Assists you with composing, editing, designing, printing, and electronically publishing documents Word processing Desktop publishing Web authoring



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Document production software may include: Spelling checker

Spelling dictionary Thesaurus Grammar checker Feature to analyze the reading level

Readability formula Search and Replace feature



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The format for a document refers to the way that all elements are arranged on the page



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Mail merge automatically creates personalized letters by combining the information in a mailing list with a form letter

Additional capabilities of word processing software include: Automatically generating table of contents and

index Numbering and positioning footnotes Providing document templates and document

wizards Exporting to HTML format




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A spreadsheet uses rows and columns of numbers to create a model or representation of a real solution

Spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel, iWork Numbers, or OpenOffice Calc, provides tools for creating electronic spreadsheets



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When a cell contains a formula, it displays the result of the formula rather than the formula itself. To view and edit the formula, you use theFormula bar.



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A formula tells the computer how to use the contents of cells in calculations Cell references

Relative reference Absolute reference

Mathematical operators Functions Automatic recalculations



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As shown in the examples, relative references within a formula can change when you changethe sequence of a worksheet’s rows and columns. An absolute reference is anchored so that it always refers to a specific cell.

“Number Crunching” Software


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Provides a structured environment dedicated to a particular number crunching task Statistical software Mathematical modeling software Money management software

Personal finance software Tax preparation software

Database Software


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A database is a collection of data Database software helps you enter, find, organize, update,

and report information stored in a database

Database Software


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Database software provides tools for specifying fields for a series of records.

Database Software


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A query language such as SQL (Structured Query Language) provides a set of commands for locating and manipulating data Natural language query Query by example

Graphics Software


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Designed to help you create, manipulate, and print graphics Paint software Photo editing software Drawing software 3-D graphics software CAD software Presentation software

Graphics Software


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A computer-based presentation consists of a series of slides, created with presentation software.

Music Software


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Allows you to make your own digital voice and music recordings Audio editing software CD ripper software Audio encoding software Ear training software Notation software Computer-aided music software MIDI sequencing software

Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software


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Provides a set of tools for Transferring video footage from a

camcorder to a computer Clipping out unwanted footage Assembling video segments Adding special visual effects Adding a sound track

DVD authoring software creates DVDs with Hollywood-style menus

Educational and Reference Software


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Educational software Helps you learn and practice new skills

Reference software Provides a collection of information and a way to

access that information Generally shipped on CD or DVD, or accessed on the

Web

Entertainment Software


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Computer games are the most popular type of entertainment software Role-playing Action Adventure Puzzle Simulation Sports Strategy

Business Software


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Vertical market software is designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business

Horizontal market software is generic software that just about any type of business can use Payroll software Accounting software Project management software

Buying Software


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Consumer Basics

Software Copyrights and Licenses

Question


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Suppose you purchase a new computer and it comes with Microsoft Office installed. After using this software for 30 days, it displays a message indicating that to keep using it, you will have to pay. This software is an example of all of the following EXCEPT:A. Proprietary softwareB. Open source softwareC. Commercial softwareD. Demo-ware

Consumer Basics


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Most operating systems include a handful of small applications and a good variety of useful utility software

Consumer Basics


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A software suite is a collection of application software sold as a single package

Consumer Basics


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Available in many types of stores

Software contained on distribution media

Make sure your computer meets the system requirements



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A copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the author of an original “work” exclusive rights Copyright notice

Software licenses, also called license agreements, define the ways in which you may use a computer program Single-user Site Multiple-user Concurrent Shrink-wrap



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EULA (End-User License Agreement)

Different types of software licenses Public domain Proprietary Commercial software Demo-ware Shareware Freeware Open source BSD GPL

FastPoll True/False QuestionsAnswer A for True and B for False


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Word processing software and operating systems are examples of application software.

Spreadsheets are classified as utility software.

The software you install to help a printer communicate with a computer is called a device driver.

Desktop publishing software is based on frames.

Spreadsheet software is particularly useful for what-if analyses.


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Database software stores information in HTML codes.

CAD software is a good choice for professional-quality photo editing.

Payroll software is a good example of vertical market business software.

If the main screen of a software product does not contain a copyright notice, it is legal to make copies and share them with your friends.

A EULA is a license agreement that specifies how to legally use a software product.



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Open source software is public domain.

The Windows Registry is a database that keeps track of a computer’s peripheral devices, software, preferences, and settings.

Downloaded software is usually zipped to decrease download time.

Hash codes are used to generate a unique number as part of the software activation process.


Installing Software and Upgrades


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Installation Basics

Installing Local Applications

Installing Portable Software and Web Apps

Software Updates

Uninstalling Software

Installation Basics


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Software installation is a process that places a program into a computer so that it can be run or executed



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Installing Portable Software and Web Apps


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Portable software is designed to run from removable storage, such as a CD or USB flash drive Installation is simply a matter of getting program files to

the media on which they are supposed to run

A Web application, or Web App, is software that is accessed with a Web browser May require client-side program to be installed

Software Updates


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Software publishers regularly update their software Add new features Fix bugs Update security

Software patches replace part of the software you currently have installed

Service packs correct problems and address security vulnerabilities

Software Updates


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Updates are usually available online for registered software

Always install patches and service packs when they become available

Many software publishers require users to type in a validation code to complete an update

Uninstalling Software


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Uninstall routines delete the software’s files from the various folders on your computer’s hard disk

Question


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Suppose that you’re looking for software to convert a YouTube video into a format you can use with Windows Media Player or iMovie. You don’t want to bother downloading or installing any software on your computer. What should you look for?A. A Web appB. Open source softwareC. A .zip fileD. A portable app

Security Software


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Security Software Basics

Security Suites

Antivirus Modules



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Security software is designed to protect computers from various forms of destructive software and unauthorized intrusions

The terms malicious software and malware refer to any computer program designed to surreptitiously enter a computer, gain unauthorized access to data, or disrupt normal processing operations

A blended threat describes malware that combines more than one type of malicious program



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Computer virus

Computer worm - A worm is a program very similar to a virus; it has the ability to self-replicate and can lead to negative effects on your system.

Trojan horse - Another unsavory breed of malicious code are Trojans or Trojan horses, which unlike viruses do not reproduce by infecting other files, nor do they self-replicate like worms. In fact, it is program which disguises itself as a useful program or application. Keylogger Remote Access Trojan (RAT)

Bot - A malicious bot is self-propagating malware designed to infect a host and connect back to a central server or servers that act as a command and control (C&C) center for an entire network of compromised devices, or "botnet." With a botnet, attackers can launch broad-based, "remote-control," flood-type attacks against their target(s). Zombie Botnet

Spyware - is a type of malware (malicious software) installed on computers that collects information about users without their knowledge.

9 Types of Viruses Common to Computers


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1. Boot Sector Virus – affects the first sector on a partitioned storage device.2. Browser Hijacker – hijacks certain browser functions, usually in the form of re-directing the user automatically to particular sites. 3. Direct Action Virus - only comes into action when the file containing the virus is executed.4. File Infector Virus - takes root in a host file and then begins its operation when the file is executed. 5. Macro Virus -A wide variety of programs, including productivity applications like Microsoft Excel, provide support for Macros – special actions programmed into the document using a specific macro programming language. Unfortunately, this makes it possible for a virus to be hidden inside a seemingly benign document.6. Multipartite Virus -A virus of this type may spread in multiple ways, and it may take different actions on an infected computer depending on variables, such as the operating system installed or the existence of certain files.7. Polymorphic Virus - actually mutates over time or after every execution, changing the code used to deliver its payload.Antivirus programs often find viruses by the specific code used. Obscuring or changing the code of a virus can help it avoid detection.8. Resident Virus - inserts itself into a system’s memory. It then may take any number of actions and run independently of the file that was originally infected.9. Web Scripting Virus - Displaying online video in your browser, requires the execution of a specific code language that provides both the video itself and the player interface. This code can sometimes be exploited, making it possible for a virus to infect a computer or take actions on a computer through a website; many such cases of virus exist because of code inserted into a site without the webmaster’s knowledge.



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What does malware do?



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The term rootkit refers to software tools used to conceal malware and backdoors that have been installed on a victim’s computer

A virus hoax usually arrives as an e-mail message containing dire warnings about a supposedly new virus on the loose

Security Suites


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A security suite integrates several security modules to protect against the most common types of malware, unauthorized access, and spam

A security suite costs less than purchasing standalone security modules

Security Suites


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Antivirus Modules


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Antivirus software is a type of utility software that looks for and eradicates viruses, Trojan horses, worms, and bots A virus signature is a section of program code, such as a

unique series of instructions, that can be used to identify a known malicious program, much as a fingerprint is used to identify an individual

Virus signatures and other information that antivirus software uses to identify and eradicate malware is stored in one or more files usually referred to as virus definitions

Antivirus Modules


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Antivirus Modules


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Most experts recommend that you configure your antivirus software to periodically scan all the files on your computer

If, during the scanning process, your virus protection software identifies a virus, worm, Trojan horse, or bot in a file or attachment, it can try to remove the infection, put the file into quarantine, or simply delete the file

chapter 3 computer software. chapter contents chapter 3: computer software 2 section a: software...

Documents

type of software

itunes software

productivity software

computer system equipment

type of application

type of system software

software basicssection

security softwarechapter