chapter 3 corrected oct062011
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methods, procedures and the materials, the
Treatments and number of Replications to be made in the event that this proposed
experiment will be carried out. This chapter also presents the data to be collected.
[USE JUSTIFY]
Research Design
The present study used the single group design. [DISCUSS HOW THIS DESIGN
IS DONE]
General Procedure [CORRECT LEFT-SIDE HEADING]
A. Collection and Preparation of Malunggay Seed Extract
The researchers will collect/purchase[DELETE] malunggay seeds in pods. A
total of twelve (12) malunggay kernels will be used in this study. The shelling of the
malunggay pods will be done manually by the researchers. The extract will be obtained
by pounding the seeds on a Mortar and Pestle. Using a cheesecloth, the pounded
Malunggay seeds will be pressed to extract its juice.
During the extraction process, the specified number of malunggay kernels to
be used for each treatment will be pounded separately, such that, for T1 which is 1
Kernel:1Liter water, only one (1) kernel will be pounded and its juice will be extracted
and immediately added to one (1) liter bottled water sample, and so on for the other
Treatments.
[USE JUSTIFY!]
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B. Collection and Preparation of Water
The researchers will collect water samples from an open well found in
Dipolog City [PLEASE SPECIFY THE LOCATION OF THESE WELLS] . The
Researchers will get eight (8) Liters sample from the well.
The researchers will prepare and use a total of eight (8) one- liter-capacity
plastic bottles. These eight bottles will be filled with water [ADD: samples] from
the well [ONLY 1 WELL?] and will be used for the two (2) set-ups or replications.
There will be a set of four (4) bottles for each replication where each bottle
contains 1 Liter water.
C. Preparations of Treatments
The different concentrations of malunggay seed extracts added to the water
samples will be expressed based on its quantity or number of seeds (kernels) per liter of
water. The treatments, in two (2) replications A and B, will use the following proportions
or number of malunggay seed (kernel) extracts added to a liter of water, viz:
Replication A
Treatments (Tx)
No. ofMalunggay
Kernels(pcs.)
Volume of water(Liter)
Control (0Kernel:1Li.) 0 1
T1 (1 kernel:1Li.) 1 1
T2 (2 Kernels:1Li.) 2 1
T3 (3 Kernels:1Li.) 3 1
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Replication B
There will be two (2) replications ( Replication A and Replication B) of the
treatments in this study. [IMPROVE THE ABOVE TABLE TABLES HAVE
BORDERS. USE THE WORD REPLICATES INSTEAD OF REPLICATIONS]
The set-ups with malunggay extracts will be equally exposed under the heat
of the sun for six (6) hours. The Control, in two (2) bottles, will be left unDESposed
[WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY THIS WORD?] to the heat of the sun.
D. Data-Gathering Procedure
After six (6) hours of sun exposure of the six (6) bottles containing
malunggay seed extracts , all the eight (8) bottles containing the water samples
will be brought to Agape Laboratory in Dipolog City for Laboratory Analysis to find
out their pH, turbidity, and E.Coli presence, respectively.
The results will be the source of data for interpretation and analysis.
Treatments (Tx)
No. ofMalunggay
Kernels
(pcs.)
Volume of water(Liter)
Control (0Kernel:1Li.) 0 1
T1 (1 kernel:1Li.) 1 1
T2 (2 Kernels:1Li.) 2 1
T3 (3 Kernels:1Li.) 3 1
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Materials and Equipment
This experiment does not require the use of sophisticated gadgets. The following
are the materials and equipments needed:
1 Plastic bottles (one liter capacity), with caps 8 pcs.
2 Malunggay Seeds- 12 Kernels /pcs.
3 Open Well water Samples, 8 Liters
4 Mortar and Pestle 1 pair
5 Cheese Cloth or clean cotton handkerchief- 1 pc.
6 Marker
Data Gathering Procedure
[WHERE ARE YOUR PROCEDURES? WHATARE THE STEPS TO FOLLOW? THIS
IS VERY IMPORTANT IN CHAPTER 3 WHICH YOU FAILED TO SHOW. PLEASE
ARRANGE THE LEFT-SIDE HEADINGS IN CORRECT SEQUENCE]
Statistical Treatment of the Study
Table 4.1 Laboratory Results of Water Analysis
TRIAL
TxControl T1 T2 T3
0 Kernel: 1 Liter 1Kernel: 1Liter 2 Kernel: 1Liter 3 Kernel:1 Liter
pHTurbid-
ityE.
Coli pHTurbid-
ityE.
Coli pHTurbid-
ityE.
Coli pHTurbid-
ityE.
Coli
Replication1
Replication2
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[USE THE TERM REPLICATE]
Table 4.1above will contain the primary data taken by the
Researchers from the results of the laboratory analysis. F-test or ANOVA
(Analysis Of Variance) will be used to prove the hypothesis of this study relative
to the effectiveness of the combination of Solar Heat and manlunggay Seed
Extract as water purification agents.
The ANOVA will be used to compare the means of the different
Treatments.
TOTAL
MEANS
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One (1) Literwatersamples from three (3)different wells found
Dipolog City, DapitanCity and themunicipality ofKatipunan.
Collect/Purchase two
(2) kilograms of fresh
malunggay seeds in
pods
All 12 bottles containing
the water samples will
be brought to Agape
Laboratory for analysis
to find out their pH,
Color, and E.Coli
presence
Preparation of twelve
(12) sterilized plastic
bottles.Pounding the seeds
using a Mortar andPestle
Each water sample will
have four (4) set-ups
each containing 100mL
of its respective water.
The Control group is
going to be brought to
Agape Lab for analysis.
Three (3) of the set ups
will have treatments T1,
T2, and T3 and a
Control with different
malunggay extract
concentration: T1= 5%,
T2= 10% and T3= 15%
Control= 0%
Four (4) hours of sun
ex osure
Manual shelling of the
malunggay
Pounded Malunggay
seeds will be pressed to
extract its juice using a
cheesecloth
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Bibliography
Madsen M, J Schlundt, and EF Omer (1987) Effect of water coagulation by seeds ofMoringa oleiferaon bacterial concentrations. Journal of Tropical Medicine andHygiene90: 101-109. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
Olsen A (1987) Low technology water purification by bentonite clay and Moringaoleiferaseed flocculation as performed in Sudanese villages. Effects onSchistosoma mansonicercariae. Water Research21(5): 517-522. RetrievedAugust 25, 2011
Duke JA (1987) Moringaceae: Horseradish-tree, benzolive-tree, drumstick-tree,sohnja, moringa, murunga-kai, malunggay, p. 19-28. In: M. Benge (ed.) Moringa: Amultipurpose vegetable and tree that purifies water. Sci. & Technol./ For., Environ.,& Natural Resources Agro-Forestation Tech. Ser. 27. US AID, Washington, D.C.Retrieved August 28, 2011
Yongbai KA (2005) Studies on the potential use of medicinal plants and macrofungi(lower plants) in water and waste water purification. Retreived September 8, 2011from www.biotech.kth.se/iobb/news/kenneth04.doc.
Berger MR, M Habs, SA Jahn, S Schmahl (1984) Toxicological assessment ofseeds from Moringa oleiferaand Moringa stenopetala, two highly efficient primarycoagulants for domestic water treatment of tropical raw waters. East AfricanMedical Journal61: 712-716. Retrieved September 15, 2011
Jahn SA, HA Musnad and H Burgstaller (1986) Tree that purifies water: Cultivating
multipurpose Moringaceae in the Sudan. Unasylva38(152): 23-28. Retreived
September 18, 2011 from
http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/r7750e/r7750e04.htm
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APPENDIX- A
(Letter-head of ZNNHS)
August 5, 2011
NOEL G. SOLIS. R.N.Research AdviserZNNHS Science Department
Dipolog City
Re: Submission of Research Titles for Research Proposal Writing
Sir:
In view of my desire to start writing my research proposal for the first semester,school year 2011-2012, may I have honor to submit these research titles for yourconsideration:
(1) (1st title of research)
(2) (2nd title of research)
(3) (3rd title of research)
(4) (4th title of research)
(5) (5th title of research)
(6) (6th title of research)
Very truly,
Maritoni Charity J. Gayapa and Alexa C. Tiu
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APPENDIX-B
Proposed Budget
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APPENDIX- C
Schedule of Activities
DAY ACTIVITY