chapter 3: early native american society. the history of early native americans is generally divided...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3: Early Native American
Society
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The history of early Native Americans is generally divided
into what 4 periods?
1. Paleo
2. Archaic
Woodland
Mississippian
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The earliest Americans crossed a land bridge from what is now Siberia into Alaska.
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These Paleo Indians followed large animals like mammoths and mastodons.
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They hunted these animals for food and clothing.
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Archaic PeriodDuring this period, the
climate became warmer and drier and the large animals died out.
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The Native Americans had to adjust to their environment, and they became less nomadic.
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They hunted smaller animals with spears.
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We know very little about them because they had no writing system, but we do know that they used stone tools.
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The Woodland tribes built mounds for what purpose? What
were they often shaped as?
They were built as burial mounds.
They were often shaped as animals.
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Where did these moundbuilders live?
Near rivers and streams
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Once these moundbuilders learned how to farm, they no longer solely depended on hunting and gathering.
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These moundbuilders produced many different styles of pottery.
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What type of tools did they use?
Copper and stone tools.
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What does the presence of copper tell us about these
tribes?
That they must have been a part of a wide-ranging trade system.
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At the end of the Woodland period, they began to use the bow and arrow.
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The Mississippian culture built mounds for what
purpose?
Religious buildings and the homes of chiefs were built on top.
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In the Natchez tribe, who lived on top of one of these
mounds?
The Great Sun (the chief)
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What surrounded the Mississippians’
villages?Wooden fences
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Where were their villages located and
why?Near rivers and streams because of the fertile soil.
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What were the major crops of the
Mississippians?Corn, beans, and squash
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Native American Societies
The three largest tribes that existed in Mississippi were: Natchez, Choctaw, and Chickasaw.
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How was each village governed?
Through representatives who were elected to a tribal council.
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A strict chain of command regulated
issues such as…Titles of individuals
Seating at the council
Tattoos a man may have
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Within each village were several clans, which are groups of related families.
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Responsibilities of the Clan:
Approved marriages
Punished criminals
Protected each other
Sought revenge
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Family LifeThese tribes practiced exogamy, marrying outside of the clan.
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When a couple got married, whose family did they live closest to, and who was a boy’s
closest male relative?
A couple always lived closest to the woman’s family.
A boy’s closest male relative was his mother’s brother (his uncle).
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Explain polygyny
When a man has more than one wife.
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What crops did these tribes raise?
Corn
Pumpkins
Beans
Peas
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What were the responsibilities of men and
women?
Men: hunting, fighting, building, and clearing land.
Women: planting, pottery, and gathering food.
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Religion and Recreation
The religious beliefs of Native Americans centered around: the sun and sacred fires.
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Native Americans believed in many spirits associated with nature and animals.
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What are two of the games that Native Americans
played?
Stickball
Chunky
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In the Natchez tribe, what type of authority did the
Great Sun have?
All political and religious authority
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What happened when the Great Sun died?
Some of his wives and other tribe members would be killed and buried with him.