chapter 3 hardware and software
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
- 1. Chapter 3 Hardware and Software
2. Purpose
- To be an intelligent consumer of hardware products
- To ask intelligent question
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- What is it?
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- How can I use it?
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- Is it the best choice?
3. Agenda
- Computer
- Hardware
- Computer Data and Instruction
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Memory
- Computer Performance
- Software
- Computer Virus
- Discussion and Case Study
4. Computer
- Components: hardware and software
- Hardware: electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to software
- Software: instructions encoded in computer programs
- Types: general purpose (desk top) and special purpose (cell phone)
5. Hardware - I
- Input
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- keyboard, mouse, document scanner, bar-code scanner, microphone, etc.
- Processing
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- Central processing unit (CPU)
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- CPU selects instructions, processes them, performs arithmetic and logical comparisons, and stores results of operations in memory
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- CPU is vary in speed, function, and cost
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- Special function cards to augment basic capabilities (video display card)
6. Hardware - II
- Output
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- video displays, printers, audio speakers, overhead projectors, etc.
- Storage
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- Save data and program
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- Magnetic disk, optical disk (CD, DVD), magnetic tape
- Communication
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- Wire, bus, etc.
7. Figure 3-9 Magnetic Disk Components 8. Magnetic Disk
- Long-term and nonvolatile data storage
- Performance depends on type and size
- Recording data on magnetic disk in concentric circles
- Read/write head
- Data transfer speed
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- Rotational delay
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- Seek time
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- Width and speed of the channel
9. Optical Disk
- Type
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- CD (compact disk)
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- DVD (digital versatile disk)
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- The differences are their capacity and speed
- Burning a pit into the photosensitive material using a low-power laser to represent data
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- The presence of a pit causes light to reflect and signifies a one
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- The absence of reflection signifies a zero
- Usage
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- Playing music and video
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- Nonvolatile
10. Video Display
- Type
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- CRT (cathode ray tubes)
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- LCD (liquid crystal display)
- Illuminating small spots on the screen called pixels to display image
- CRT monitor
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- The dot pitch: the distance between pixels on the screen
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- The smaller the dot pitch, the sharper and brighter the screen image
- LCD monitor
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- The pixel pitch: the distance between pixels on the screen
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- The smaller the pixel pitch, the sharper and brighter the image will be
- Optimal resolution
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- The size of the screen, the dot or pixel pitch, etc.
11. Input, Process, Output, and Storage Hardware 12. Computer Data and Instruction - I
- Binary digits (bits)
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- Zero or one
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- Closed or open of a switch
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- Orientation of a magnetic field
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- Light reflection of a optical media
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- Represent data and instruction
- Byte: 8-bit
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- Numbers, characters, currency amounts, photos, recordings, or whatever
13. Bits Are Easy to Represent Physically 14. Important Storage-Capacity Terminology 15. Computer Data and Instruction - II
- Instruction set: a collection of instructions for directing computer process
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- Microsoft Windows: Intel instruction set by Intel Corporation
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- Macintosh computers: PowerPC instruction set using Powerful PC processor
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- Macintosh computers: either Intel or PowerPC processor starting 2006
16. CPU and Memory - I
- Motherboard: a circuit board mounted and/or connected with processing components
- Main memory
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- RAM (random access memory)
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- Volatile
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- A set of cells holding bytes of data or instruction
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- Each cell has a address for identification
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- Speed and amount
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- House OS, application programs, and data
17. CPU and Memory - II
- Cache memory
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- Very fast and expensive memory to improve overall throughput of the CPU
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- Stores frequently used data, intermediate results, and the most frequently used computer instructions
- CPU reads instructions and data from main memory and writes data to main memory via a data channel (bus)
- CPU speed
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- Cycles per second, or hertz (3.0 gigahertz or 3.0 GHz or 3 billion cycles per second)
- Data transfer speed
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- The speed of main memory
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- The speed and width of the data bus
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- The wider the bus (by no. of bits), the more data transferring
18. Computer Performance
- Memory swapping
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- A request to the operating system to store data in RAM and there is not enough free memory to store the requested data
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- The operating system has to remove something to make space
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- Slow down the performance
- Adding more main memory to substantially improve the computer performance
19. Software
- Operating system (OS)
- Application software
20. Operating System
- Types
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- Windows for business users
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- Mac OS for arts community
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- Unix for scientific and engineering community
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- Linux developed by open-source community for web servers
- Own versus License issue
21. Application Software
- In terms of source
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- Off-the-shelf
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- Custom software
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- in house or consultant
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- Difficulty and risky
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- In terms of capability
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- Horizontal-market application software for all organization and industry
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- Vertical-market application software for specific industry
- Firmware
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- Software installed into the device
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- Print server, communication devices, etc.
22. Computer Virus
- A computer program that replicates itself, consumes the computers resources, take unwanted and harmful actions
- Payload: the program code causing unwanted activity
- Type
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- Trojan horse
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- Macro virus
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- Worm
- Prevention
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- Download
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- File extension
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- Antivirus
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- OS patch
23. Discussion
- Security (53a-b)
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- How to enforce employees to follow the antivirus policy and procedure in any organization?
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- State your opinions related to the statement the viruses are developed by the antivirus software vendor.
- Opposing forces (57a-b)
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- State your opinions related to the statement the new computer products are the conspiracy between hardware and software vendors to ripe off consumers.
- Ethics (61a-b)
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- State your opinions about the major impacts in terms of social, entertainment, government, and business operations by implementing the TCG/NGSCB (Trusted Computing Group/Next Generation Secure Computing Base)
24. Case Study
- Case 3-1 not 6 and 9 (69-70)
- Case 3-2 only 1 and 2 (70-71)
25. Points to Remember
- Computer
- Hardware
- Computer Data and Instruction
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) and Memory
- Computer Performance
- Software
- Computer Virus
- Discussion and Case Study