chapter 3 how do people adapt to their environment?
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3
How do people adapt to their environment?
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Stone Age
Used stones to make tools and weapons
Paleolithic means “old stone” or Old Stone Age
2,500,000 B.C. – 8,000 B.C.
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Nomads
Moved from place to place to survive and search for food
No roads, farms, or villagesMoved in groups of 20-30Hunter – gatherers
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Nomads
Searched for buffalo, bison, wild goats, reindeer, fish, nuts, berries, fruits, wild grains, green plants.
Men hunted large animals far from camp – used clubs to kill or pushed animals off a cliff. Then learned to make tools or weapons. They also set traps.
Women stayed at camp-usually near water- and watched after the kids and searched for nuts, berries, and grains.
Men and women worked together equally.
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Technology
Tools & methods to perform tasks
Made devices from hard stone called “flint”
Made spears, bows, arrows, and fishhooks
Used animal hides for clothing and shelter or stayed in caves
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Technology
FIRE – used for warmth, light, to scare off wild animals, chase animals from bushes, and cooking
Used by rubbing two pieces of wood together to cause friction.
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Language & Art
Paleolithic people started expressing themselves through spoken word, like we use today, and art.
There was still NO WRITTEN word. Paleolithic people expressed ideas through cave drawings (symbols, drawings, ect)
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Ice Ages
Long periods of extreme cold
Threatened the lives of humans
They had to learn to use more fat in their diet
Made sturdier shelters and warmer clothes during these extreme cold times
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Ice Ages
As the ice pieces grew larger, the sea levels lowered, exposing a strip of dry land that connected Asia to North America. This was known as a “land bridge”
The land bridge was used by people and animals to travel and settle in different regions
The ice age forced Paleolithic people to adapt to their environment by changing their thinking. It lasted 90000 years and ended between 9000-8000 BC.
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Neolothic Age: The Agricultural Revolution
The Neolithic Age began when some, not all people began staying in one place to grow grains and vegetables; domesticate or tame animals for human use (transporting goods, providing meat, milk, or wool
Neolithic age lasted been 8000-4000 BC
Neolithic means “new stone”: stone tools were created and used during this time
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Agricultural Revolution
Systematic farming (growing food on a regular basis) is known as Agricultural Revolution
Being able to grow a constant food supply allowed people to settle communities because the population was growing at a faster rate.
Some historians consider the Agricultural Revolution to be the most important event in human history
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Farming Timeline
Who When Plants AnimalsSW Asia 8000 BC Wheat/Barley Pigs, goats, cows,
sheep
Nile River 6000 BC Wheat/Barley
India 8000-5000 BC Wheat/Barley
Africa 6000 BC Yams/bananas
China 6000 BC Millet/rice Dogs, Pigs
Central America 7000-5000 BC Squash/potatoes Chicken, Dogs
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Life in the Neolithic Age
People settled in villages near plants and water (especially rivers)
They built permanent homesJericho is one of the oldest Neolithic
CommunitiesCatahuyuk – Story Time!
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Life in Neolithic Age As populations grew so did food supplies
Increased food supplies allowed communities to trade certain foods for others.
It also allowed for people to take on or specialize in different jobs other than farming
Weapon making
Jewelry making
Pottery to store grains
Basket/clothes making
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Life in the Neolithic Age
Gender Roles
Men Women
`Worked in fields`Farmed and herded
animals
`bore children`made clothes,
`managed supplies,`performed other tasks
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Tools Created
Rakes
Sickles to cut grain
Millstones to grind flour
Some regions began working with copper
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Tools Created
CRAFTSPEOPLE IN WESTERN ASIA DISCOVERED THAT MIXING COPPER AND TIN FORMED BRONZE. (3000 BC)- THIS MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE AGE!
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Emerging Empires
By the beginning of the Bronze Age, communities were widespread.
4 great river valley civilizations were formed by the year 3000 BC
1. Mesopotamia
2. Egypt
3. India
4. China
All great civilizations share similar characteristics
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Shared Characteristics
Developed cities and formed governments
First governments formed were known as monarchy’s (ruled by a King or Queen)
Created armies
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Religion
Early people believed that god’s were responsible for a communities survival
Rulers claimed that their power came from approval of god’s
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Social Structure
Based on the type of work a person did and the amount of power or wealth they had.
Highest Middle Lowest
Rulers, priests, government officials, warriors
Farmers, artisans, craftspeople
Enslaved people who were captured in war
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Writing and Art
People used symbols instead of letters and words to keep accurate records and preserve stories
Artists created paintings and sculptures portraying gods and forces of nature
Massive buildings were designed as places of worship or burial tombs for kings