CHAPTER 3 : MATTER

MATTER

1.All thing on earth are matter

2. Matter exists in the three states :

i. solid ii. liquid iii. Gas

3.Matter made up of particles

4.The arrangement and movement of particles in solid, liquid, and gas are different.

5.Matter has mass and occupy space

DAY DATE

Test

PMR 09

PMR 09

DAY DATE

Activity 3.1

Matter has massA

ApparatusBeakers, triple-beam balance, stick, string, tape, needle, balloons, soil, water and fresh spinach

stick,

string

balloons

tape

needleP QQ

P

a b

Prosedure

1.Set up the apparatus as shown in figure2.Prick balloon Q with needle on the tape.

i. What do you observe?ii. Which balloon is heavier?iii. Does air have mass?

PKBS 1 2010

PKBS 1 2010

METAL expand

DISTANCE between particles Expand/increase

PARTICLES expand

DAY DATE2. a. Weight the beaker by using a triple-beam balance. Record its mass b. Fill the beaker with soil i. What do you observe?

ii. Does soil have mass? c. Repeat the above steps by replacing the soil with water

i. Does water have mass? ii. Do living things have mass

B Matter occupies spaceApparatus Beakers, balloon, soil, water and fresh spinach

procedure

1. Blow a balloon continuously i. What do you observe? ii. Does air occupy space?

2. Pour water into an empty beaker continuouslyi. What do you observeii. Does the water fill up the beaker?iii. Does the water occupy space?

3. Put soil into a empty beaker continuouslyi. What do you observe?ii. Does the soil fill up the beaker?iii. Does soil occupy space

4. a. Fill a beaker full with water. b. Put some fresh spinach into the beaker

i. Does the water overflow?ii.Do living thing occupy space?

The three state of matter1.Matter exist in three states : solid, liquid, and gas

a. solid b. liquid c. gas

2.Particles in solid are close together, fix position ,cannot move and vibrate3.Particles in liquid are close together and can move freely

4.Particles in gases are far and can move freely

PMR 2012

Soalan exam

radiator

PMR 2005

DAY DATEActivity 3.3

AArrangement of particles

Procedure1.Fill two plastic bottles with water2. Put one into a freezer without closing the cap. Take out when the water become ice3.Compress the bottle with ice, with water and with air as shown in figure 3.2

i. Which one easiest to compress ?ii. Which one hardest to compress?iii. Discuss the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid and gases

B Movement of particles

Procedure

1.Place a wooden block on a brick i. What do you observe after one day?

2.Add a few drop blue colour to the bottom of a test tubei. What do you observe after one day?

Take the top off bottle of perfume in the classroomi. How long does it take for a student to smell the perfume?ii. What can you say about the movement of particles in solid, liquid and gases?

Refer to the course ware

DENSITY

1cm iron cube

1 cm wooden cube

3

3

Figure 3.10

1.Figure 3.10 shows that 1cm iron cube is heavier than a 1 cm wooden cube

2.The mass iron cube is higher than the mass wooden cube.This is because they have different densities.

3. Different substance have different densities. Here are the densities of some common substance

substance Density g/cm3

Air 0.0013

Oil 0.7

Wood 0.8

glass 2.5

Water 1.0

iron 7.9

Mercury 13.6

gold 19.3

Liquid to solid - freezingMD =

V__

Contoh: 0.5 g

0.5cm

= 1 g/cmDensity

Density =

Jika: 0.5 g

1 cm

= 0.5 g/cmDensity

Density =

Fikir tentang `Volume’

Volume expand during freezing.

on cooling 4° C – volume of water contractBelow 4° C – volume of water expand

Freezing point: 1. Water 0° C2. Nafthelene - 80⁰ C3. Nitrogen – 210° CFloat (less density than water)

Akhir tahun 2011

DAY DATE3.3The concept of density

density =Mass

Volume

The unit for density is g/cm3

Activity 3.5

Measuring the density of regular shaped and irregular shapeApparatus Wooden block, brick, small stone, cork, meter rule, measuring cylinder, triple beam balance

A Regular shape object

Procedure1. Measure the mass of wooden block 2. Measure the length (l), Width (w) and height (h)3. Repeat the procedure for the brick4. Record all your measurement and calculate the density each object

Object Length (l) cm

Width(W) cm

Height

(h) cm

Mass (g) Volume (cm ) = l x w x h

Density (g/cm ) mass

Wooden

Brick

33

l hw

Volume=

PMR 2012

DAY DATE

BIrregular- shaped object

Procedure1.Measure the mass a small stone2. Measure the volume small stone by using the water displacement method3. Record your result and calculate the density the small stone

The mass small stone=…………………gThe volume of water =……………..mlThe volume of water + small stone =…………mlThe volume of water displacement =…………..mlThe volume of the small stone =……………ml

The density of the small stone =mass

volume

4. Measure the mass of a cork5. Measure the volume of the cork by using the water displacement

a. Tie the cork and the small stone and record the volume of water in measuring cylinderb. Lower the stone into water and the cork totally above the water. Record the volume waterc. lower the stone until the cork totally under the water. Record the volume of the water

6.Record all measurement and calculate the density of the cork

The mass of cork =……..gThe volume of water =………….mlThe volume of water + small stone =……….mlThe volume of water + small stone + cork =………….mlThe volume of water displacement by the cork =………….mlThe volume of the cork =…………..cm

The density of the cork =

3

mass

volume

DAY DATEWhy do some objects and liquids float?

water

honey

Cooking oil

ice

water

water

stone

a. Ice float in water because it is less dense than water

b. i. Oil float in water because it is less dense than waterii. Water float in honey because it is less dense than honey

c. Stone sink in water because it is denser than water

Exercise in book page 13 and 14

EXPERIMENT - Hot water and cold water

Hot water

Hot waterCold water

Cold water

AB

The uses of the concept of density1. Logs and river – Logs are less dense than the water

2. A hot balloon – When the air in balloon is heated by a burner, the air in balloon become less dense than surrounding cool air. This enable the hot air balloon float in the air

3. Ship- A ship is usually made of iron. Iron dense than water. Why the ship not sink in water? The ship contains a large volume of air. The overall density of ship is less dense than sea water

4. A submarine- i. When the ballast tanks is empty, the density is less then of sea water. Submarine float

ii. When water is pumped into the ballast. The density submarine dense than sea water and it sink.

Ballast empty

Ballast tank is full

Kelantan 2011Kelantan 2011

DAY DATE

Concept of floating and sinking as related to density

Apparatus Scissors, plastic, bottle, rubber tube, blade, plasticine and a basin

Procedure1.Cut four rectangle hole on the plastic bottle as shown in figure 3.16(a)2. On the other side, make a hole which is large enough to insert the rubber tube figure 3.16(b)3. Insert the rubber tube into the bottle through the hole figure 3.16©4. Balance the bottle by sticking plasticine on its neck and bottom5. Put the bottle into a basin containing water . Let the water flow into the bottle through hole

i. What do you observe?6.Blow air into the bottle through the rubber tube figure 3.16(d)

i. What do you observe?ii. Use this concept to explain how a submarine work?

Figure 3.16a

Figure 3.16b Figure 3.16cFigure 3.16d

Penutup

2. Tasbih Kifarah.

1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr