chapter 3 – part 2
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Body Tissues. Chapter 3 – Part 2. Histology 4 Tissue Types: 1. Epithelial – (covering) 2. Connective – (support) 3. Muscle – (movement) 4. Nervous – (control). Tissue. Lining, covering, & glandular Functions: Protections, absorption, filtration, & secretion. Epithelial Tissue. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 3 – PART 2
Body Tissues
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TISSUE Histology 4 Tissue Types:
1. Epithelial – (covering) 2. Connective – (support) 3. Muscle – (movement) 4. Nervous – (control)
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE Lining, covering, & glandular
Functions: Protections, absorption, filtration, & secretion
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…
Special Characteristics: Cells fit closely together to form sheets
Has a free surface (apical surface)
Lower surface – (basement membrane)
Epithelial to connective Avascular – no direct blood supply
Diffusion Regenerate easily
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Classification of epithelium Named according to # of layers & shape of cells at the free surface Layers:
Simple (1 layer) Stratified (2 or more layers)
Shape: Squamous – flat Cuboidal – cube shaped Columnar – taller than wide
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…
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Simple Epithelium: absorption, secretion, & filtration Simple Squamous Epithelium
– forms serous membranes (serosae - fluid) Lines body cavities & organs
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…
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Simple Cuboidal – glands & ducts
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…Simple Epithelium, cont’d…
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Simple columnar epithelium – forms mucus membranes (mucosae). Lines cavities open to exterior Ex. Respiratory Tracts, Digestive Tracts
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…Simple Epithelium, cont’d…
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…Simple Epithelium, cont’d…
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Lines Respiratory Tract Ciliated
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…
Stratified Epithelia–layered; protects Stratified Squamous
Epithelium – most common; high abuse & friction. Ex. Skin, mouth, esophagus
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Stratified Cuboidal & Stratified Columnar: Rare; large ducts
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…Stratified Epithelia, cont’d…
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Transitional Epithelia: function is stretching
EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D…Stratified Epithelia, cont’d…
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EPITHELIAL TISSUE, CONT’D… Glandular Epithelia: glands;
produces & secretes 2 types:
1. Endocrine Glands (ductless) Directly into the blood stream Hormones (ovaries, testes,
adrenal) 2. Exocrine Glands (ducts)
Sweat, oil Liver
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Answers:A - simple columnar epithelium.B - simple columnar epithelium with cilia.C - stratified squamous epithelium.D - simple squamous epithelium.E - transitional epithelium.F - pseudostratified epithelium.G - stratified squamous epithelium.H - choanocytesI - stratified columnar epithelium with cilia.
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Functions: protection, support, & binding together
Most abundant tissue type Found everywhere in the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
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COMMON CHARACTERISTICS: Some vascular Some avascular (cartilage) – heals
slowly Many different types of cells Extracellular Matrix: non-living
substance outside of cell; can be liquid, semisolid or gel-like, or very hard Examples: Fat (soft); Bone (hard)
Tissue can bear weight, withstand stretching & abrasions.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…
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TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Bone (osseous tissue) – vascular Bone cells surrounded by hard matrix of calcium salts & collagen fibers
Function: protect & support other organs
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…
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Cartilage – avascular Less hard/more flexible than bone
Hyaline cartilage- voice box; covers end of bone; attaches ribs to sternum; skeleton of fetus
Elastic cartilage- more elasticity. Ex: ears, nose
Fibrocartilage- highly compressible and cushion-like; between vertebrae
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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Dense Connective Tissue (fibrous tissue) Mostly collagen fibers Forms strong, rope-like structures
Ex: Tendons; Ligaments
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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Loose Connective Tissue- Softer & fewer fibers Areolar Tissue
Soft, pliable tissue that protects & wraps body organs
Universal packing tissue & connective tissue glue that helps hold internal organs together
Edema- areolar tissue soaks up fluid in inflamed area; swells & becomes puffy
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D Adipose Tissue – “fat”
Forms subcutaneous layer below skin; insulates & protects from heat & cold.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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Reticular Connective Tissue Delicate network of fibers Found in lymph nodes Ex: Spleen and bone marrow.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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Blood – “vascular tissue” Blood cells surrounded by blood plasma
Protein fibers in blood Blood clotting
CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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MUSCLE TISSUE Specialized to contract or shorten Muscle Cells (muscle fibers)
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Skeletal Muscle- (striated muscle) Attached to skeleton; forms flesh Voluntary Cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleate, & striated
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE (3 TYPES)MUSCLE TISSUE, CONT’D…
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Cardiac Muscle- (heart only) Has striations, uninucleate; fit tightly together; gap junctions
Involuntary
MUSCLE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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Smooth Muscle- (visceral) No striations, single nucleus & spindle-shaped (pointed at both ends)
Found in walls of stomach, bladder, uterus & blood vessels (hollow organs)
Contracts slowly Peristalsis – wave-like motion through small intestine
Involuntary
MUSCLE TISSUE, CONT’D…TYPES, CONT’D…
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IV. NERVOUS TISSUE Cells = Neurons Function = Irritability & Conductivity
A. Tissue Repair (Wound Healing)- Defense at tissue level – skin,
mucous membranes, cilia, and acid in stomach glands.
- Inflammation – body response to prevent further injury.
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- Immune Response – specific to invaders
- 2 Ways tissue repairs (depends on tissue type and severity of injury)- Regeneration: replacement of destroyed tissue by same kinds of cells
- Fibrosis: repair by dense connective tissue (fibrous) – forms scar tissue
IV. NERVOUS TISSUE….CONT’D
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- Process of tissue repair:1. Capillaries become
permeable/allows clotting fibers to seep to injury (bleed)
2. Blood Clot forms/then scab3. Granulation tissue forms (new skin)4. Epithelium regenerates/scab falls
off (healed)**Scar Tissue cannot function as
original cells.
IV. NERVOUS TISSUE….CONT’D
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V. Development Aspects of Cells & Tissues Growth through cell division puberty Replacement of tissue exposed to
friction lifetime Epithelial Tissue – Mitotic Connective Tissue – Mitotic (forms scar
tissue) Muscle Tissue – Amitotic after puberty Nervous Tissue – Amitotic shortly after
birth
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Aging – Caused by chemical and physical exposures and genetics, and stress
Neoplasm: abnormal Cell division – multiply wildly – benign or malignant (tumor)
Hyperplasia: enlarged tissue due to local irritant or condition Ex. Anemia/Bone marrow undergoes hyperplasia to produce more red blood cells
Ex. Breast enlargement during pregnancy
V. Development Aspects of Cells & Tissues…Cont’d
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Atrophy: decrease in size – loss of stimulation Ex. Muscle reduction from wearing a cast
V. Development Aspects of Cells & Tissues…Cont’d