chapter 3: persons of mean and vile condition
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Chapter 3: Persons of Mean and Vile Condition . Bacon’s Rebellion . 1676-1677 First rebellion in the American Colonies Between the American Indians and Colonial Government in the Virginia Colony Conflict about how to deal with the Indians . Nathaniel Bacon. Leader of the rebellion - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3: Persons of Mean and Vile Condition
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Bacon’s Rebellion • 1676-1677• First rebellion in the
American Colonies • Between the American
Indians and Colonial Government in the Virginia Colony
• Conflict about how to deal with the Indians
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Nathaniel Bacon• Leader of the rebellion • Higher class• Concerned about
killing Indians than helping the poor (Lower Class)
• Denied treaty between Berkeley and Powhatan
• Captured by the military and then released
• Died of a sickness
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After the Release of Bacon
• Created a populist • Took militia in and raided Pamunkey and
killed men, children, and women• Raised resentment against the rich and
hatred towards the American Indians • The Indians protested the Virginia Land Co.
monopoly of the Beaver trade , unfair taxes, and political favoritism
• His fall lead to munity even amongst his own militia
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William Berkeley • Governor of Virginia • His attraction to bacon was his idea of
“leveling”
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1700’s• Colonies grew faster • England was fighting a series of wars• Some merchants made money from the wars• Meant higher taxes, unemployment, and poverty • Virginia legislature passed laws to punish servants who
rebelled • Voyage to America lasted eight, ten, or twelve weeks,
servants were profits that marked the slave ships • Gap between rich and poor widened, as violence and the
threat of violence increased, and the problem of control became more serious
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Traveling • Conditions were awful • 8-12 weeks • Servants were packed
into the ship like items • Servants died of
starvation • Some servants were
eaten • Children died of hunger
and disease and thrown in the ocean
• Women who were pregnant thrown in the sea if un able to deliver
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Revolts• 5 revolts against the proprietor • Erupt with great violence and frequency • Elite (upper class) fear of revolts• Upper classes developed tactics to deal with fear • “not born free but born slave and free”
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Economic classes • Caused tensions • Revolts start to occur • ¾ of the New York land
belong to to 30 people (upper class)
• The poor was growing too, more and more became poor
• “..in all times some must be rich, some poore, some highe and eminient in power and digniteie; others meane and in subjection”
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Cruel Treatment of Servants
• Beatings and whippings • Women servants were
raped • High suicide rate
• Not allowed to have children and marry because it would interfere with work
• Without consent it is seen as adultery, fornication and children seen as bastards
• Many servants would die after their arrival, many were children due to:
• Disease and Starvation
• Scared of the outcome if they rebelled
• Whipping, starvation, misery, etc.
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After the Rebellion • Racism was becoming
more and more practical• White slaves were allowed
to join the militia in fear of slave rebellion growing
• Black slaves were pouring in
• Everywhere the poor were struggling to stay alive, especially from freezing in the cold weather
• Indians remained an obstacle to expansion
• Black slaves were easier to control
• The numbers grew, the prospect of a slave rebellion grew
• Class lines hardened through the colonial period, distinction between rich and poor become sharper
• They lived off the black slaves and white servants
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Boston • Boston grew from 1678-
1770• The % of adult males who
were poor lost property rights meaning voting rights
• Richest of all regions 29% of the town were landless men
• Rioting became a form of protest
• Severe food shortage
• Protesting the high prices established by merchants demolished the public market
• “the town meetings, while ostensibly democratic, were in reality controlled year after year by the same group of merchant aristocrats, who secured most of the important offices”
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After the Rebellion (cont.)
• Strikes by workers increased among coopers, butchers, bakers, and other landless artisans as well as sailors
• Demolishing public squares as well as homes of the landed• Natives were not acquire or considered for labor and were
constant threat on frontier • Slaves escaping plantations in the South to join Tribes • White running to join native tribes, but if captured and given
the chance to go back to white society, they would go back • Southern militias used blacks to find Indians on the frontier
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Aftermath • Middle class small farmers and city artisans promoted
to created a bond between landed and poorer whites • System of indentured servitude quickly disappear,
thus alienating the negro and Indians which brought loyalty
• Brought loyalty and directed hatred away from class conflicts enough to keep the these groups apart
• To bind the loyalty a device was equality and liberty, could eventually unite whites to fight a revolution against England, without ending slavery and equality
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Reference(s) • Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of
America. New York, New York, CA. Harper Collins Publishers, 1995.