chapter - 3 profile of honey industry in...

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CHAPTER - 3

PROFILE OF HONEY

INDUSTRY IN KANYAKUMARI

DISTRICT

61

3.1 PROFILE OF HONEY INDUSTRY

Bee- keeping refers to the domestication of honey bees for the

purpose of obtaining honey and other useful products such as bee wax,

pollen, royal jelly and pollinating activity.1 Bee- keeping is an old

tradition in India but used to be considered a non – investment profit

giving venture in most areas. Bee- keeping has the potential to develop as

prime Agri- horticultural and forest based industry.2

3.2 BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA DURING THE

BRITISH PERIOD

Honey and bees have been known to human being, since time

immemorial. Bee- keeping, unlike several other rural industries, is not a

traditional enterprise in India. The First movable frame hive was used for

domesticating bees in Bengal in 18823.

3.3 BEE- KEEPING DEVELOPMENT IN POST

INDEPENDENCE PERIOD

After independence, taking from the Government of India‟s

policy to rejuvenate the rural Industries, the newly established All India

Khadi and Village Industries Board took up the task of Bee – keeping

development in the country. In 1959, this Board was renamed as Khadi

and Village Industries Commission, under the Ministry of Industries

having Khadi and village Industries Board at the State level. Some States,

like Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh

1 Neelima R.Kumar, “Bee - keeping for Self Employment”, Kissan World, Vol. 3.

No.1995, P.53. 2 R.C. Mishra, “Waiting to be fully tapped”, The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture,

1999, P.163 3 Dr. Raja Justus, “Economics of Beekeeping Industry”,(A case of Tamil nadu), P.15-17

62

etc, established departments of Bee- keeping under the State Ministry of

Agriculture Industry.

On the recommendations of the National Commission on

Agriculture (1976), an “All India Co- operated Project on Honey Bee

Research and Training was launched by ICAR in 1981 with CBRTIC,

Pune as its main centre. At present its headquarters has been shifted to

Choudary Charan Singh, Haryana Agriculture University Hissar.4

In 1974, there were only about 205 colonies owned by the

migrant bee – keepers. The number rose to approximately 10 lakh colonies

in 1990. In the mean while many voluntary organizations entered this

field, such as, Bee- keepers co – operative society, Indian Apiary

Industries Institute of honey, Kanyakumari Sarvadya Singh and Young

Men Christian Association. It was Young Men Christian Association

Marthandam , in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, which started

giving training in Bee- keeping for the first time in India and sent these

trainees to other parts of the country5. Bee- keeping programmes are also

implemented through Khadi and Village Industries Commission,

Federation of Bee – keepers Association, Rubber Board, National Bee –

Board, Khadi and Village Industries Board etc.

Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Commission is

directly involved in honey trade through its only honey marketing

department located in Kanyakumari District. This commission has

carried on the activities of Bee- keeping (i.e.) organization of Co –

4 Jameskutty karaoke, Diffusion of Bee – keeping Technology in Kerala, An economic

Analysis 2000 2001 P.5 5 KVIC Honey trading activity in Kerala State and Kanyakumari District of Tamilnadu, P

(1)

63

operatives, registering Institutions and Departmental centers,

Manufacturing and Distribution of Improved tools and equipments to the

needy Bee- keepers, Provision of finance for the creation of infrastructural

facilities, such as, construction of Production units, plants, go downs, and

marketing department for stocking production and marketing of honey

and bee- wax, managerial assistance to production centers marketing at

Kuzhithurai 6

Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board is functioning

as the agency in the development and marketing of hive products. Starting

from the year 1974, the Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board

has been conducting practical demonstration at different places in Tamil

Nadu in order to popularize the importance and benefits of Bee- keeping.

The Federation of Bee – keepers Association is a subsidiary

organization of Khadi and Village Industries Board and is the Federation

of Bee- keepers Societies in the State. At present, there are 28 Registered

Societies under Bee- Federation. It was started in 1992 and was financed

by the State Government, and Khadi and Village Industries Board. The

main activity was to collect honey from members and societies and to

process and market it. The federation is also supposed to conduct training

in beekeeping. But due to financial constraints, their operation is limited

to the collection and marketing of Honey, at present.

Rubber Board is also engaged in the Promotion of bee –

keeping among Rubber farmers through imparting training in bee –

keeping and subsidizing the establishments of new bee – keeping units. In

6 KVIC Khadi and Village Industries Commission P3.

64

the year 1999 – 2000 there were 24 rubber - approved agencies, which

were spread all over Kerala and Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu.

The National Bee – Board was established in 1993 to co –

ordinate the work done under Khadi and village Industries Board and Bee

– keepers Co- operatives7.

Bee- keepers cannot store, process, pack and market their

produce and thus need the support of the industry for proper growth of

Bee- keeping.

Honey Production is seasonal and is mainly production from

November to May in different areas. This honey is required to be

procured, transported, stored and processed for packing and marking.

Honey is required to be processed and standardized to meet the

domestic and international standards. The industry also has the important

function of studying market trends for honey, which is a world

commodity .8

The Indian population of 100 million is a huge market for bee

products. With the improvement in living standards, honey is finding a

place in every household. In India is just a moderate 0.5k.g per year, the

total domestic consumption will be 5 lakh tons. If an average bee colony

yields 20 – 30k.g honey per year, India need to raise 1.6 to 2.4 million

colonies to meet the demand 9.

7 Jameskutty karaoke,op,cit,P.11

8 Dr. Raja Justus, op. cit

9 Annie Bright, M.Chandrashekaran and M.Miduswami, “Bee pollinatouras importance

and presentationb Kisanworld vol-25 No.$ April 1998,P-61

65

TABLE NO. 3.1

PURCHASE AND SALE OF HONEY IN THE CO-

OPERATIVE SOCIETY AT MARTHANDAM

Year Quantity of

Honey

Purchased (k.g)

Value Rs Quantity

of

Honey

Sold (k.g)

Value Rs

1996-97 103770 4435300 89000 6082600

1997-98 148700 6686800 149600 10029000

1998-99 290000 12557000 250400 15151000

1999-2000 275500 1179000 275600 17084000

2000-2001 298000 24895000 28000 18094000

2001-2002 269631 13006747 234793 16944768

2002-2003 253180 12290190 289646 20865803

2003-2004 232737 14339273 230042 17020560

2004-2005 190281 9650577 174410 16881215

2005-2006 76536 3587534 168639 15110159

Source : Purchase and sales Book

3.3.1 THIRUVATTAR BEE – KEEPERS CO–OPERATIVE

SOCIETY:-

This society was started in 1965 and the present membership is

453. It indicates the increase of Bee- keepers in Thiruvattar and

Killiyoor. The Total honey produce is 10000 k.g. Like Marthandam Bee-

66

keepers Society, this society was also purchasing raw honey and were

selling after processing.

3.3.2 PRODUCTION OF HONEY IN KANYAKUMARI

DISTRICT:

Production of Honey in Kanyakumari District is about 1000000

Kg. The major Portion of honey is obtained from Vilavancode and

Kalkulam Taluks. Now there are 2000000 Bee colonies in Kanyakumari

District and 7000 persons are engaged in Bee – keeping. Honey

production seasons in Kanyakumari District is February, March and

April every year.

Honey harvested from different species are given below :

Apis Cevarna - 8 to 10 Kg. per colony

Apis Mellifera - 10 to 15 kg. per colony

Apis Dorsata - 10 to 25Kg. per colony

Apis Florea - 500 gm. To 2 Kg. per colony

Honey Production in India is only about 27,000 tonnes a year

and the major portion of this is obtained from Apis Dorsata,though the

share of apiary is increasing every year. At present, it is estimated that

about 9000 tons of honey is produced from 6lakhs colonies. Only about

20-25 percent of the bee flora is being exploited at present 10.

10

Prof.J.Jhonson, “Apiculture Book” 1998.

67

3.4 PRODUCTION VALUE OF THE VILLAGE INDUSTRIES:-

There are two Co- operative Societies in Kanyakumari District

They are Thiruvattar and Marthandam. Marthandam Co – operative

society is the largest in India. Marthandam Village owns more than 30,

000 hives.

Processed honey is sold out in Tamil Nadu through the YMCA,

Khadicraft, Khadi Bandanas, Honey Marketing department, show – room

cum sales counters and at honey parlours at selected places.

Bee- keeping is also intensively carried out in Kalkulam and

Vilavancode taluks excluding Thiruvattar and Killiyoor Panchayat of the

Union areas.

3.5 MARTHANDAM BEE- KEEPERS CO–OPERATIVE

SOCIETY :-

Marthadam Bee- keepers Co – operative Society was

registered on 19-03-1937, under Travancore Co – Operative Society Act

(Act – V-2-1112) and started to work on 14-04-1937. The area of

operation of the society was confined to Kalkulam and Vilavancode

Taluks of Kanyakumari District, excluding Thriuvattar and Killiyoor

panchayats of Union areas. The main objective of the society was the

improvement of the beekeeping industry and the economic conditions of

the bee- keepers.

The society was started in 1937 with 23 bee- keepers and has

now increased to 1347 with paid up share capital of Rs. 1, 84, 565. The

Board of Directors has administered the society since May 2001. After

24.05.2001, the committee is superseded and the superintendent of Khadi

68

Board is working as special officer. There are 12 staff members in the

society, including the special officer.

The Society has 26.5 acres of land with its own building and a

storing shed. The members of the society donated the storing shed during

1983. The Tamil Khadi and Village Industries Board has provided an

amount of Rs. 1584650 to the society as working fund loan at 4 % interest.

Now there is no sufficient go down facility.

The Honey purchased by the Society is processed

Agmarked,(‟A‟ Grade) and supplied all over India in bottles and tins in

retail and bulk. The production of Honey is seasonal according to climatic

condition. i.e. February to April every year. The Society gives

employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their

families are benefited. The Society stands first in production and sales.In

the State Khadi Crafts, Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation, Tamil

Nadu medicinal Plant, Sarcomata Sanghams and Private concerns are our

regular customers.

There was a net profit Rs. 323,082/- for the year 1999. In 1996

– 1997 the profit was divided by the General Body as per Co- operative

Societies Act and rules, Bonus and Dividend were distributed accordingly

to the members of the Society. The Society earned a net profit of Rs.

527818 during 1998 – 1999. The Society was administrated by the Board

of Directors from 09/1996 to 05/2001. Now the committee is superceded

and Superintendent of Khadi Board is working as special Officer since

25.05.2001. There are 12 staff members in the Society including the

Special Officer.

69

The Tamil Nadu Khadi and Village Industries Board had

provided an amount of Rs. 15, 84, 650/- to the Society as working fund

loan at 4 % interest. Now, there is no sufficient go down facilities to store

the honey. Therefore the society is forced to take rented go downs for this

purpose, during the honey procurement season every year. Necessary

proposals for Rs.40 lakhs have been submitted to Khadi commission for

the construction of new go downs and working sheds in the society to

store the honey. Therefore every year the society is forced to take rented

go down for this purpose, during the honey procurement season..

In South India, beekeeping on modern lines was initiated by

Rev. Father Newton in the year 1890 .Systematical attempts have been

made by the central Government from the year 1920 to develop it along

scientific lines. It came into being as a cottage industry in 1924 with the

establishment of the Young Men Christiasn Association (Y.M.C.A) Rural

Centre by Dr. Hatch at Marthandam. Dr. Hatch exerted great interest in

the growth of the beekeeping Industry in Kanyakumari District, under

the auspices of the Y.M.C.A. Ha made Newton‟s Hivequit become

popular among the people in the village around Marthandam. K.T. Paul,

J.J Jesudhas, J.Rajiah and Manuel were also responsible for the spread of

the industry in the far-flung areas of Kanyakumari District.

The honey purchased by the Marthandam Bee- keepers Society

is processed, Agmarked (A- grade) and supplied all over India, in bottles

and tins in retail and bulk. The production of honey is seasonal according

to conditions, that is February to April every year. The society is giving

employment opportunities to more than 10,000 individuals and their

families are benefited. Bonus and dividend were distributed to the

members, from profit earned by the society. The society stands first in

70

Production and sales in the Sate, Tamil Nadu Civil supplies Corporation.

Tamil Nadu Medical Plant, Sarvocrya Songharms and Private concerns

are the regular customers of this society.11

OBJECTIVES OF THE SOCIETY

Some of the objectives of Marthandam Bee- keepers Co-

operative Society are.

To improve the industry and the economic conditions of Bee-

keepers residing in the area of operation. To attain these objectives the

society puts forward the following schemes.

1. To raise the funds required for its business.

2. To purchase raw- materials and appliances required for the industry

and sell the same either for cash or credit to its members.

3. To get raw- materials converted into finished products by issuing

them to the members and paying them wages for such conversion.

4. To give loans to members for useful purpose.

5. To establish workshops where members can carry on their business

jointly, or where the members and artisans can be employed by the

society labourers to manufacture articles on its account.

6. To obtain contract from Government, Public bodies, or others for

supply of Bee- products and appliances and get them executed

through or with the help of members.

11

Punitha. K. “Marketing of Honey inn Kanyakumary District ”, M Phill Dissertaries MS

University 2001 – 2002,

71

7. To impart or arrange to impart business and technical training.

8. To act as the agent for the joint purchase of domestic and other

requirements of its members and for the joint sale of their

finished products.

9. To purchase improved appliances connected with the industry and

hold them as common or let them on hire to members.

10. To construct or hire go downs or other buildings necessary for the

conduct of its business.

11. To open sales depots in the places selected by Board of Directors,

subject to the previous a approval of the Registrar of Industrial Co

– operatives.

12. To do such other acts, as may be conducive to the attainment of

the general objectives of the society.

3.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN

ASSOCIATION (YMCA) IN APIARY DEVELOPMENT:-

In 1844, Gorge Williams of London along with twelve like -

minded Youngmen prayerfully founded the Y.M.C.A with the objective

of providing the youth, opportunities of self development without

distinction of caste, colour and creed.

In the history of Bee- keeping the Services rendered by the

Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) are monumental. The one

which needs special mention is the Y.M.C.A of Marthandam in the

Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu. Young Men Christian Association

of Tamil Nadu Rural demonstration center was incepted in the year 1924

by Dr. D.H. Hatch at Marthandam. Bee- keeping is one of the Village

72

industries taken up and propagated by the Young Men Christian

Association (Y.M.C.A) as early as 1924. The Y.M.C.A made model hives

and demonstrated the domestication of wild honey bees. Model hives are

also sold to the parties interested in beekeeping.

The staff of Y.M.C.A Rural Demonstration centre toured

extensively in the interior part of the District in Tamil Nadu and delivered,

collaborate and inspiration lecturers on the importance, uses and benefits

of beekeeping.

Bee- keeping was introduced at the School level to the students

divisions, taking this as one of their subjects.

During Summer, every year, the Young Men Christian

Association (Y.M.C.A) conducts a two months course on beekeeping.

This creates confidence among the people to take this as their occupation

. Natural Honey week is celebrated every year.

Marthandam Young Men Christian Association Rural

Demonstration Centre, after repeated experiments, found out standard

bees hives, suitable to the Indian honey. These types of hives had a

growing popularity among the bee- keepers, due to their benefits over the

traditional types of hives. 12

12

A.S.Kahlon , M.R.George, AgricultureMarketing and Price Policies, P-27

73

TABLE NO. 3.2

YOUNG MEN CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (YMCA)

YEAR WISE PARTICULARS FROM 1996 – 2006

Year

Purchase

Rate

Quantity

Of Honey

Purchased

Value

Rs.

Selling

Rate

Qty.

of

Honey

Sale

Value

Rs.

1996 45 15000 675000 60 14700 882000

1997 45 17000 765000 60 21000 1260000

1998 45 22000 990000 60 21000 1260000

1999 45 19000 855000 60 18800 1128000

2000 45 19500 877500 60 19000 1140000

2001 57 20000 940000 65 20800 1447000

2002 47 22000 1034000 65 21500 1397500

2003 57 24000 1128000 65 23000 1495000

2004 48 23000 1104000 65 24500 159250

2005 48 20000 960000 65 22000 1430000

2006 48 18000 86400 65 19000 1235000

Source: Purchase and sales Book

3.7 TNKVIB HONEY PROCESSING AND PACKING

CENTRE:

The details of honey purchased, sales, number of employees,

wages and profit by Tamil Nadu Khadi village Industries Board

(TNKVIB), Honey Processing and Packing centre Marthendam during

the period 1996 to 2006 are stated below in the table No. 3.3

74

TABLE NO. 3.3

PURCHASE, SALES, NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, WAGES

AND PROFIT OF HONEY IN TNKVIB DURING THE PERIOD

1996 – 2006

Year Purchase

Qt

Value Rs Sales

Qty

Value Rs No. of

employees

Wages Profit

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-„00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

14420

18920

28919

43520

336559

57069

68240

69000

70000

72000

96000

1152000

1359000

1871360

1517991

2692243

2284432

2290530

2310420

2410620

28000

32000

36692

34000

20728

54808

62804

63804

65804

66430

2942000

2810000

3081000

2767817

2411595

5004414

5204816

5304816

5306848

6606542

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

32000

48000

61433

57474

31150

690050

720060

76000

78000

79009

68180

80420

874198

901378

435500

850003

926448

936243

946243

956244

SOURCE : Purchase and Sales Book

It is noted from the Table No. 3.3, that the purchase and profit

of honey is increasing every year.

3.7.1 HONEY PACKING – COST STATEMENT

Honey is marketed in various quantities in glass bottle ranging

from 1 kg. to 100 grams.

3.7.2 COST OF PRODUCTION FOR KG. OF AGMARK HONEY

1. Cost of Raw Honey - 47.00

2. Cooli for curing - 0.55

75

3. Fuel for curing - 0.60

4. Accountable waste (moisture) - 0.95

5. Rent - 0.30

6. Pay and allowance - 0.60

7. Depreciation - 0.30

8. Go down and Transport Insurance - 2.00

9. Unavoidable expenses - 1.25

10. interest Rate - 0.55

Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose Honey - 54.10

Cost of Agmark Label and Grading - 0.27

Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Loose honey - 54.37

3.7.3 COST OF 1 KG. BOTTLE PACKED HONEY

Cost of 1 Kg. Agmark Honey - 54.37

Cost of 1 g. empty bottle - 6.50

Breakage of bottle @ 3 %13

- 0.25

Cost of P.P. Caps - 0.80

Wages (Clearing, Filing, Corking - 1.25

And labelling & Packing)

Cost of packing material - 1.00

13

3% of expence is allotted for breakage of bottiles during transportation or washing.

76

Transport changes - 1.50

Other expenses - 1.50

67.12

Selling price for 1 kg. bottle honey - 110.00

Less: Trade Commission 10 % - 11.00

99.00

Less: Cost of Production - 67.12

Net profit - 31.88

3.7.4 COST OF 500 GRAM BOTTLED HONEY:

Cost of 500 grams cured Honey - 24.50

Cost of 500 grams empty bottle - 4.00

Breakage of bottle 3 % - 0.25

Cost of 53 N.M., P.P. Caps - 0.80

Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking) - 1.05

Labeling and packing)

Cost of packing materials - 0.75


Sales Commission 10 % - 2.50

Other unexpected expense - 1.30

77

37.00

Sales Rate 58.00

Less: Production cost -37.00

Net profit 21.00

3.7.5 COST OF 200 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY:

Cost of 200 grams cured honey - 9.80



Cost of 46 N.M., P.P. Caps - 0.89

Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking - 0.95

Labelling and packing)

Cost of packing materials - 0.30



Other unexpected expense - 1.40

18.00

Sales Rate - 28.00

Less : Production cost - 18.00

Net Profit - 10.00

TNK VIB Honey Processing packing Centres and Co – operative Societies Purchasing

various kinds of bottle from Kolkatta and caps were purchased from Pallanvilai

(Marthandam).

78

COST OF 100 GRAMS BOTTLED HONEY:

Cost of 100 grams cured Honey - 4.90



Cost of 38 M.M., P.P. Caps - 0. 89

Wages (Cleaning, filling, corking, - 0.85

Labeling and packing)

Cost of packing material - 0.15


Other unexpected expenses - 1.75

11.00

Sales Rate - 16.00

Less; Production cost - 11.00

Net Profit - 5.00

79

3.7.9 COST OF 25 KG. CAPACITY OF TIN PACKING :

Cost of 25 Kg. cured Honey - 1225.00

Cost of one tin - 50.00

Cost of bee wax - 9.00

Wages for packing in one tin (washing - 9.75

Filling, soldering and packing etc.)

Packing materials - 4.00



Others (Leakage & other expenses) - 13.00

1413.00

Selling Rate (90 x25) - 2550.00

Less: Production cost - 1413.00

Net Profit for one tin - 837.00

Net Profit for 1 Kg. Honey - 33.48

PRICE OF HONEY

The details regarding the price of honey from 1996 to 2006 are

as follows:

80

TABLE NO. 3.4

PRICE OF HONEY IN THE BEE- KEEPERS CO –

OPERATIVE SOCIETY IN MARTHANDAM DURING THE

PERIOD 1996- 2006

Year

Purchase Rate Selling Price

Bottled Honey

From

Bee

Keepers

(Rs)

Loose

Honey(Rs)

1 Kg

(Rs)

1/2Kg.

(Rs)

200Gm

(Rs)

100Gm.

(Rs)

1996 42 60 84 42 21 10

1997 43 60 84 42 21 10

1998 43 61 85 43 22 11

1999 44 61 85 46 23 13

2000 44 61 85 46 23 13

2001 47 65 90 48 23 13

2002 47 65 90 48 23 13

2003 52 79 102 54 25 14

2004 54 80 104 52 26 15

2005 55 80 104 52 26 16

2006 58 81 110 55 28 16

Source: Final report of KVIB Nagarcoil

It is clear from the table that the price of honey is increasing

year by year.

81

STANDARDIZATION AND GRADING OF THE HIVE PRODUCTS :

The Indian Standard Institution (I.S.I) has approved two kinds

of standards for hive product in India. They are, ISI „A‟ type and ISI „B‟

Type hives products. Standardization of hive products ensures increasing

confidence in the minds of the people, who at large, constitute the major

consumers of honey. Assured quality of the product by the Government,

better value for money spent, and convenient methods of settling disputes

with the supplier, and the sale of honey at minimum of risk are the salient

merits. Since beekeeping is considered as an agro – based village

industry, the grading of honey is known as “Agmark”.

GRADING OF HONEY UNDER AGMARK:

Grading of honey under Agmark is done as per honey grading

rule 1970 (amended up to 1981) by the Agriculture Marketing advisor,

Government of India. A sample of Honey from the bulk lot is taken for

analysis by the approved chemist and accordingly the grade designation

depends upon water percentage. That is the significance of Young Men

Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) in Apiary Development.

„Special‟ Grade> 20% Moisture,

„A‟ Grade > 22% Moisture,

„Standard Grade > 25 % Moisture.

82

AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY

TABLE NO. 3.5

AGMARK GRADE SPECIFICATIONS OF HONEY.

Sl.No

Specifications

Grade

Special A Standard

1 Specific Gravity 1.400 1.400 1.350

2 Sucrose content 5.0% 5.0 % 10.0%

3 Ash 0.5 0.5 0.5

4 Moisture 18-20.0 20.1-22.0 22.1-25.0

5 Total reducing Sugar (T.R.S) 65.0 650. 65.0

6 Fructose/Glucose Ratio 1.0 0.95 0.95

7 Acidity (Acid Value) 0.2 0.2 0.2

8 Aniline Chloride Test Negative Negative Negative

9 Fiche`s Test Negative Negative Negative

Source: State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam.

83

TABLE NO. 3.6

QUANTITY OF HONEY LABELLING AND SAMPLES

TAKEN IN AGMARK GRADING LABORATORY IN

MARTHANDAM

Year

From Honey

Centre

Quantity of Honey

Labeling (K.g)

Samples taken in Agmark

Lots

1996-1997

1997-1998

1998-1999

1999-2000

2000-2001

2001-2002

2002-2003

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006

30

32

34

37

44

28

33

35

37

40

4,00,000

4,00,000

4,00,000

4,00,000

4,00,000

4,22,500

4,55,000

4,60,000

4,75,500

4,90,000

526

536

537

707

596

736

736

772

784

792

SOURCE : State Agmark Grading Laboratory in Marthandam

It is noted from this table that the Quantity of Honey sold

through AGMARK grading has increased by 40, 29, 800 Kgs. over a

period of ten years from 1996 – 1997 to 2005 – 2006.

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