chapter 3. seasons what causes them? the earth’s tilt (pg 49) solstice: sun’s rays are directly...
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WEATHER vs. CLIMATEChapter 3
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SeasonsWhat causes them?
The earth’s tilt (pg 49)Solstice: sun’s rays are directly overhead at
noonTropic of Cancer Tropic of CapricornMark beginning of summer and winter
Equinox: days and nights are equal in length all over the worldMark beginning of spring and autumn
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WEATHER vs. CLIMATEDefinition: condition of
atmosphere at a particular location and time
“What you get”
Definition: conditions of
atmosphere at a particular location over a long period of time
“What you expect”
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Factors that Influence Weather
1. Amount of solar energy- air masses absorb energy
2. Water vapor- determines precipitation3. Cloud cover- hold water vapor4. Landforms/bodies of water:
water heats slow and loses slowLand heats fast and loses fast
5. Elevation- higher air loses ability to hold moisture
6. Wind
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Precipitation (pg 50)As warm air rises, it cools and loses it’s
ability to hold water vapor. This forms clouds, which eventually become too heavy. RAIN/ SNOW
#1 Convectional: sun heats ground in morning, air rises, and afternoon clouds form rain ( tropical/hot climates)
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#2 Orographic: more rain falls on the windward side of a mountain as wind is blocked and forced upward. The leeward side gets very little rain (rain shadow).
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU9OcU2fm6U
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#3 Frontal: lighter air is pushed upward by colder, denser air. As it cools, it condenses and rain falls.
Front: boundary between two air masses of different temps.
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WEATHER EXTREMES1. Hurricane/typhoons: storms that form over
warm, tropical ocean waters. Use warm water as energy Regions of low atmospheric pressure They spin different
directions in the N & S Hemispheres
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2. Tornadoes: (twisters) powerful funnel-shaped columns of spiraling air.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4G3r6o2eTSw
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3. Blizzard: heavy snowstorm with winds of more than 35 mph and reduced visibility.
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4. Drought: long period of time without rain or with very minimal rainfall.
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5. Floods: water spreads over land not normally covered by water.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73P09rTEc4g
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CLIMATE
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Factors that Influence Climate1. Wind Currents: Wind is the flow of a huge
amount of air, usually from a high pressure area to a low pressure area.
High= COLD Low= WARM
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Coriolis Effect (bending of winds)
Hot air flows towards the poles and cold air moves to the equator.
Earth’s rotation makes the winds bendN= RightS = Left
H
L
H
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBqohRu2RRk
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2. Ocean Currents: rivers flowing in the ocean
Remember me???
SAME as winds: warm water flows to poles, cold water flows to equator
In Northern Hemisphere
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Wind + Ocean = changing temperatures and rainfall
Europe temperature is warmer than Canada even though they are at the same latitude
Cold ocean currents keep warm air from rising = desert
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3. Zones of Latitude:
Tropical (low)
Temperate (middle)
Polar (high)
Polar (high)
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4. Elevation: distance above sea levelair temp. decreases as you go higher
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5. Topography: landforms (natural formations on earth)
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Climate Change: True or FalseTRUE. It’s a fact that climates change over
time. Climate change is both naturally occurring and human caused.
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The FactsOn average, air temperatures are increasingSince 1800’s the temp of earth has increased
ONE degree FahrenheitScientists believe an increase of 3.2-7.2 is
possible in this century (100 years)Greenhouse effect
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The Greenhouse EffectDefinition: gases in the atmosphere that trap
heat, which causes higher temperatures on EarthGases caused by burning coal, oil, methane,
etc.
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One last question…..
Does the food you eat cause global warming????