chapter 3 section 2 religions of the middle east
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3 Section 2Religions of the Middle EastReligions of the Middle East
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Monotheism• Belief in one supreme God
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Judaism
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Judaism (Jewish)
• Oldest of the 3 religions• Torah-Jewish Holy book
– Tells early Jewish history– 5 books of Moses
• Moses– Prophet– Revealed 10 commandments
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• Prosperous state under king Saul, David, and Solomon– Made the city of Jerusalem
• Diaspora– Spreading of Jewish people outside of
the holy land
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• Holocaust– The murder of 6 million Jews in the
1940’s– Scapegoat
• Blamed for peoples troubles
• Believe God will send a Messiah or savior
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• Holidays– Rosh Hashanah
• New Years
– Yom Kippur• Most sacred holiday-Holiest day• 24 hours of prayer and fasting• Day of Atonement
First practiced by a small group of people called Israelites.
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Christianity
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Christianity
• Largest religion• Believe Jesus is the Messiah• Study the Bible
– Old testament • books of Moses
– New Testament • Teachings of Jesus
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The Bible
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Christianity
• Constantine made Christianity official religion of Rome in 300 A.D.
• Crusades– Popes and Kings organized to capture
the city of Jerusalem According to the Christian calendar,AD 1 is the year Jesus wasborn.
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• Holidays– Christmas-birth of Jesus– Palm Sunday-Jesus rode into Jerusalem– Good Friday-Jesus died on the cross– Easter Sunday-Jesus rose from the dead
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Islam
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Islam
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Islam (Muslim)• 2nd largest religion• Call god Allah• Believe Muhammad is prophet• Quran is the holy book• 3 holy cities
– Makkah (Mecca)-pilgrimage madeto this city
– Medinah – Jerusalem
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Five pillars of Faith
1. State beliefs in faith-There is noGod but god and Muhammad is The messenger2. Pray 5 times a day3. Give to charity4. Fast (no food or drink)5. Hajj
– Visit the holy city once
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The Five Pillars of Faith
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Hajj
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Holidays
– Ramadan• Fast sunrise to sunset