Chapter 3 Section 3 The Middle Colonies

Pages 82-85

England and the Colonies

King Charles I was beheaded after civil war in England and replaced by Oliver Cromwell then Charles II son of Charles I http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War After the war people loyal to the King Charles I settled in colonies like Virginia

England Takes Over

• The Dutch had established a trade center on the mouth of the Hudson river called New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.

• Wealthy land owners called patroons controlled the farmers and could charge whatever rents they wanted.

• The English wanted the post and sent a fleet to take it, but the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant, and not popular had no army to fight with, so New Amsterdam became English and Charles II gave it to his brother Duke of York with full proprietary control.

New Jersey

• The Duke of York gave the Southern part to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. They made sweet deals for people to settle there. They had religious freedoms and their own representative government. http://americanhistory.about.com/library/charts/blcolonial13a.htm?iam=momma_100_SKD&terms=1682+New+Jersey

• http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/statech.htm

Pennsylvania• William Penn belonged to a protestant group called Society of

Friends, or Quakers. King Charles owed a loan to Penn’s estate and granted a large tract of land to Penn for repayment.

• The English felt the Quakers were a threat to the establishment. Quakers felt everyone was equal under God and wouldn’t bow to the royalty. They were also pacifists, they wouldn’t use force or fight in wars.

• Penn established Philadelphia “City of brotherly love” in 1682. • 1703 Penn granted the Charter of Liberties and allowed colonist to

elect their legislative assemblies.

• http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/states/pa03.htm