chapter 3, section 4 economic and political systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3, Section 4
Economic and Political Systems
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Types of Industry
• An economy is a system for producing, distributing and consuming goods and services.
• Owners and workers are producers. They make products called goods or provide services for people.
• Consumers are people who buy the goods and use the services.
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• Cultures chose the way they organize their economies.
• There are three basic systems: traditional, market and command economies.
• In a traditional economy, the customs, traditions and habits of a group influence the producing, buying and selling of goods.
Economic Systems
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Economic Systems
• The Mandan Indians practiced a traditional economy before contacting whites. They hunted and farmed their food, and either produced their own goods or traded for what they did not make.
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Economic Systems• In a market economy
(also called capitalism), most businesses are privately owned. When a company sells its product, it earns money (or capital.)
• Company owners decide how much to sell their products for, how much to pay their employees and how to use their profits.
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Economic Systems• In addition to capitalism,
communism and socialism are also examples of economic systems.
• Communism and socialism are both types of command economies.
• In a command economy, almost all economic decisions are made by the government.
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Economic Systems• In a socialist system, the
government owns most basic industries and the government decides how much to pay workers and how much to charge for goods.
• The government uses the profits to pay for services like healthcare and education.
• All other businesses are privately owned like in a capitalist society.
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Economic Systems• In a communist system
the government owns all property, like farms and factories.
• The government controls the price of goods and services, how much is produced and how much the workers make.
• There are few communist economies left today.
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Developed and Developing Countries
• A culture can also be described by how many, or how advanced, their industries are.
• Only ¼ of the world’s population lives in a developed country with modern technology, commercial farms and stable governments.
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Types of Government• Government is the system
that sets up and enforces a society’s laws and institutions.
• Some are controlled by many people, others are controlled by a powerful few.
• Examples of government include monarchy, democracy and dictatorship.
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Direct Democracy• The very earliest
governments controlled few people and were simple.
• Everyone participated in government, which made it a direct democracy.
• Greek city-states were the first complex societies to try direct democracies (though only men could vote.)
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Monarchy
• Until the last century, monarchy was the most common form of government.
• In a monarchy, a king or queen ruled the government. The ruler inherited the throne by birth, and citizens had little or no say in government.
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Monarchy• Monarchies still exist today.
However, most monarchs have been forced to sign constitutions.
• Monarchs no longer have unlimited power. The citizens in monarchies now participate in government, and their rights are defined and protected in their constitutions.
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Representative Democracy• In a representative
democracy, the people vote for other citizens to run the government and create laws.
• If the people do not like their representative, they can refuse to re-elect that person.
• For a representative democracy to work, the citizens must be educated and informed about issues affecting the country.
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Dictatorship• In a dictatorship, one
person, the dictator, holds almost total power to govern.
• Dictators make laws and decide if there will be elections. Citizens have few rights.
• Dictators often take power in unstable countries, promising to bring order and prosperity.
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Dictatorship
• Like constitutional monarchs, dictators are the head of the government, and they hold powers that the people do not have.
• However, constitutional monarchs are limited by their country’s constitution, and do not have complete power over the government as dictators do.