chapter 3 – the biosphere

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Chapter 3 – The Chapter 3 – The Biosphere Biosphere

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Chapter 3 – The Biosphere. What is Ecology?. Ecology The study of organisms and their interactions with their environment The root word of ecology means “ houses ” in Greek….so we ’ re studying the “ houses ” or habitat organisms live, and studying the organisms themselves. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 3 – The BiosphereChapter 3 – The Biosphere

What is Ecology?What is Ecology?

EcologyEcology The study of organisms and their interactions The study of organisms and their interactions

with their environmentwith their environment

The root word of ecology means “houses” in The root word of ecology means “houses” in Greek….so we’re studying the “houses” or Greek….so we’re studying the “houses” or habitat organisms live, and studying the habitat organisms live, and studying the organisms themselves.organisms themselves.

What makes the Earth

so special?

Its biosphere!

BiosphereBiosphere – – Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the

Earth in which life exists, including land, water and the atmosphere

No biosphere = No biosphere = no peopleno people!!

Biosphere – Biosphere – ““life” “sphere”life” “sphere”

Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including the Earth in which life exists, including land, water and the atmosphereland, water and the atmosphere

The Biosphere is made up of…

Biomes which are made up of

Ecosystems which contain…

Communities made up of…

Populations made up of…

Organisms or a Species

BiomeBiome – – Group of Group of ecosystemsecosystems that share similar that share similar

climate climate and typical and typical organismsorganisms OR geographic region of earth usually defined OR geographic region of earth usually defined

by weather and the species found there.by weather and the species found there. Biome Examples:Biome Examples:

• Grasslands – Temperate and Grasslands – Temperate and Tropical (savannah)Tropical (savannah)

• DesertsDeserts• Forest – Deciduous, RainForest – Deciduous, Rain• Others…Others…

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms EcosystemEcosystem – – All the living organisms in an area and All the living organisms in an area and

the physical environment in which they the physical environment in which they life.life.• OR living group of organisms that OR living group of organisms that

interact with each other interact with each other and the nonliving environmentand the nonliving environment

Community - Community - The different populations that live in an The different populations that live in an

areaarea

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms PopulationPopulation – –

a group of individuals a group of individuals of the same species in an of the same species in an areaarea

PA Examples:PA Examples:1.1. White tail deerWhite tail deer2.2. Black Black

oak treesoak trees3.3. Black bearsBlack bears

9/12 and 9/13 ATB9/12 and 9/13 ATB

What are 3 characteristics that a species What are 3 characteristics that a species shares?shares?

Today:Today: Printing assignment duePrinting assignment due Discuss hybrid organismsDiscuss hybrid organisms Compare / contrast abiotic and biotic factors Compare / contrast abiotic and biotic factors

and their importance to lifeand their importance to life

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms SpeciesSpecies – –

a group of organisms that are a group of organisms that are capable of capable of breeding and producing fertile offspringbreeding and producing fertile offspring• Similar appearance and similar genetic makeup, Similar appearance and similar genetic makeup,

Examples:Examples:1.1.  dogsdogs2.2.  catscats3.3.  humanshumans

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms HybridHybrid – –

an offspring of two different an offspring of two different species (or objects)species (or objects)

• These are sterileThese are sterile Examples:Examples:

1.1. Mule – horse and donkeyMule – horse and donkey2.2. Liger – lion (male) and tiger Liger – lion (male) and tiger

(female)(female)3.3. Fuel efficient vehiclesFuel efficient vehicleshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

CD6vpheUoPE

Tiglons / Tigons – female lion and male tiger

Ligers – male lion and female tiger- have been found to be fertile in some cases

http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2002/0829/bz9-4.html

Last Class

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms HabitatHabitat – –

a place where a particular a place where a particular species livesspecies lives – can be very big or small – can be very big or small

Examples:Examples:• Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean • Mud puddleMud puddle• ForestForest• YourYour  SkinSkin

Biotic and Abiotic FactorsBiotic and Abiotic Factors• Biotic FactorsBiotic Factors – –

• living parts of the ecosystem (grass, living parts of the ecosystem (grass, animals, etc)animals, etc)

• Abiotic FactorsAbiotic Factors – – • nonliving (never were nonliving (never were

alive) parts of the ecosystem alive) parts of the ecosystem

List 5 abiotic factors on land• Surface/ground water• Sunlight• Wind• Temperature• Altitude

List 5 abiotic factors in water• Currents• Temperature• Concentration of nutrients in the water

•Air (CO2, O2, N2)•Soil•Precipitation•Lighting

•Salinity•Sunlight penetration

Biotic and Abiotic FactorsBiotic and Abiotic Factors

Both of biotic and abiotic factors make up Both of biotic and abiotic factors make up the environment in which organisms livethe environment in which organisms live

Soil – made up of nonliving particles, but Soil – made up of nonliving particles, but also many bacteria and fungialso many bacteria and fungi

Writing practice (3 minutes)Writing practice (3 minutes)

In a margin of your packet:In a margin of your packet: Choose anything biotic and describe how Choose anything biotic and describe how

ANY abiotic factor could affect it.ANY abiotic factor could affect it. THINK…it doesn’t matter what it isTHINK…it doesn’t matter what it is Yes you can be creative, and no, this isn’t Yes you can be creative, and no, this isn’t

graded.graded.

Create a sentence that explains how an Create a sentence that explains how an abiotic factor could affect a biotic factor in abiotic factor could affect a biotic factor in an environmentan environment

Reviewing TermsReviewing TermsBiosphere Biosphere

Ecosystem Ecosystem

PopulationPopulation

SpeciesSpecies

HybridHybrid

Habitat Habitat

Quick TalkQuick TalkHabitat Habitat

Ecosystem Ecosystem

SpeciesSpecies

PopulationPopulation

HybridHybrid

BiosphereBiosphere

ReviewWhat is main the difference

between a species and a hybrid?

Describe TWO ways in which abiotic factors could effect an organism in an environment

Primary ProducersPrimary Producers AutotrophsAutotrophs

Organisms that use solar or chemical energy to produce Organisms that use solar or chemical energy to produce foodfood

What is the food that autotrophs produce? What is the food that autotrophs produce? • Sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)Sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)

Examples:Examples: Algae, certain types of bacteria, plantsAlgae, certain types of bacteria, plants

Primary ProducersPrimary Producers Primary ProducersPrimary Producers – –

organisms that use elements from the organisms that use elements from the environment to environment to make their own foodmake their own food

aka aka autotrophsautotrophs What elements do most producers use/need?What elements do most producers use/need?

• Sun, Water, COSun, Water, CO22, Soil for nutrients and , Soil for nutrients and mineralsminerals

Examples =Examples =• Plants and chemosynthetic bacteriaPlants and chemosynthetic bacteria

Primary ProducersPrimary Producers

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis Process of capturing light energy to make Process of capturing light energy to make

chemical energy (food – glucose)chemical energy (food – glucose)

Primary ProducersPrimary Producers ChemosynthesisChemosynthesis

Organisms that use chemicals (hydrogen sulfide) to Organisms that use chemicals (hydrogen sulfide) to produce carbohydratesproduce carbohydrates

Examples – chemosynthetic bacteriaExamples – chemosynthetic bacteria

ChemosynthesisChemosynthesis Hydrothermal Vents – 1Hydrothermal Vents – 1

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D69hGvCsWgA David Attenborough on Hydrothermal Vents David Attenborough on Hydrothermal Vents

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXGF3XS-yAI Hydrothermal Vents (nat geo)Hydrothermal Vents (nat geo)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XotF9fzo4Vo

..

ConsumersConsumers HeterotrophHeterotroph – –

Organisms that must acquire energy from other Organisms that must acquire energy from other organismsorganisms

ConsumerConsumer – – an organism that rely on other organisms for an organism that rely on other organisms for

energy and nutrientsenergy and nutrients Examples = Examples = us, animals, lions, tigers, and us, animals, lions, tigers, and

bearsbears

Ecosystem TermsEcosystem Terms Primary ConsumerPrimary Consumer – –

consumers that feed on plantsconsumers that feed on plants• ExamplesExamples::

Secondary ConsumerSecondary Consumer – – consumers that feed on primary consumersconsumers that feed on primary consumers Examples:Examples:

Tertiary ConsumerTertiary Consumer – – eats a 2nd level consumereats a 2nd level consumer

Exceptions?Exceptions? Photosynthetic sea slugPhotosynthetic sea slug Elysia Chlorotica: A Sap-Sucking, Solar-Powered Sea Slug Elysia Chlorotica: A Sap-Sucking, Solar-Powered Sea Slug

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAMP8erryKE Sea slug intro Sea slug intro

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQNIpW0LlsUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQNIpW0LlsU Amazing Photosynthetic Animals Amazing Photosynthetic Animals

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcX2n1rC4W4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcX2n1rC4W4

Venus fly trap - The Private Life of Plants - David Venus fly trap - The Private Life of Plants - David Attenborough - BBC wildlife Attenborough - BBC wildlife http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIGVtKdgwohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIGVtKdgwo

ConsumersConsumers DecomposerDecomposer – – bacteria or fungus that chemically break down dead bacteria or fungus that chemically break down dead

organismsorganisms How do decomposers help an ecosystemHow do decomposers help an ecosystem??

Break down dead organisms and return their nutrients to Break down dead organisms and return their nutrients to the soil.the soil.

DetrivoresDetrivores Organisms that feed on decaying particles Organisms that feed on decaying particles

(leaves, etc)(leaves, etc) Examples: Worms, crabs, snailsExamples: Worms, crabs, snails

Decomposition VidsDecomposition Vids The Body Farm - Study of Human The Body Farm - Study of Human

Decomposition Decomposition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_SiqND9bNAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_SiqND9bNA

Baby PigBaby Pig http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1CD6gNmhr0

Elephant Elephant http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/elephant-life-after-

death/ Eating Giants (little gross)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OX9xCo183VA

HippoHippo http://animal.discovery.com/video-topics/wild-http://animal.discovery.com/video-topics/wild-

animals/eating-giants-hippo.htmanimals/eating-giants-hippo.htm

Soil Soil

Why is soil important?Why is soil important? Provides nutrients for plants to growProvides nutrients for plants to grow The loss of soil prevents The loss of soil prevents producersproducers from from

growinggrowing and hurts the and hurts the ecosystemecosystem

Soil ErosionSoil Erosion – – • the the movementmovement of soil by of soil by windwind, , waterwater or any or any

other sourceother source

What do all these have in What do all these have in common?common?

ConsumersConsumers HerbivoresHerbivores OmnivoresOmnivores CarnivoresCarnivores DecomposersDecomposers

All these are considered -- All these are considered -- heterotrophsheterotrophs

Book AssignmentBook Assignment

Page 72Page 72 #1-2#1-2

Review1. Are herbivores always

consumers?2. Are consumers always

herbivores?3. Are carnivores ever primary

consumers?

ReviewWhich of the following would be

TRUE of a zorse? The zorse will probably have many

baby zorses. The zorse should be identical to the

horse in genetic makeup and appearance.

The zorse is most likely infertile.