chapter 3 the constitution. an outline endured for 200 years because it deals with basic principles...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3The
Constitution
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An Outline
• Endured for 200 years because it deals with basic principles – not details and it has built-in provisions for accommodating change
• Starts with Preamble – Introduction
•Articles – seven•I. Legislative branch•II. Executive branch•III. Judicial branch
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Amendments
• Amendments – 27
•Bill of Rights – 1st 10 – FIRST place where basic rights are mentioned –
•Added after the Constitution was ratified – help get it passed
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The 6 Basic Principles
• This is the basis for all political and personal beliefs which we now take for granted.
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Popular sovereignty
• 1. Popular Sovereignty all political power resides with the people :
•We the People!
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Limited government
• 2. Limited Government : government may only do those things the people have given it the power to do:
•Rule of law; a nation run by laws, not by people.
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Separation of Powers•3. Seperation
of Powers : powers distributed between executive, legislative, judicial branches
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Judicial Review
•4. Judicial Review : Courts have power to check that government actions are constitutional.
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Checks and Balances
• 5. Checks and Balances : each branch has certain powers that it can use to check the operations of the other two.
a. Congressb. Judicialc. Executive
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See page 68
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Federalism
•6. Federalism – some power held by National Gov’t (Washington D.C.) and others belong to the 50 states.
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Federalism
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Formal Amendment Process
• Amendment – change Constitution
• Most common method:•Proposed by Congress by 2/3 votes in
both houses•Ratified by the State legislatures of ¾
of the States
• Draw chart – page 73 top 2 boxes
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Important Amendments
• Bill of Rights – 1st 10 Amendments • 13th – abolish slavery• 18th – prohibited sale / use of alcohol • 19th – gave women right to vote• 21st – repealed 18th
• 26th – lowered voting age to 18• 27th – forbids Congress from raising pay
during that term – ratified 203 years after proposed
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Informal Amendment
• Results from daily experiences
• Doesn’t involve changes in written words
• Tradition and accepted habits
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• 1. Basic Legislation – spells out general Constitutional principles
• Way powers are used
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President• 2. Executive Action – way President uses powers
• Executive agreement – deal made with head of a foreign state – carries the same force of law as treaty
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Judicial
•3. Court decisions – Supreme Court interprets Constitution – ie: abortion (Roe vs. Wade)
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• 4. Political party practices – made electoral college (group that makes formal selection of President) into rubber stamp for each State’s popular vote in presidential elections
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• 5. Custom –unwritten traditions – Cabinet (14 department heads advise President)