Chapter 3The World’s People

Understanding Culture

• What is Culture?

• Culture - is the way of life of people who share similar beliefs and customs.

Understanding Culture

• There are 8 traits in which you can divide a culture.

– Social groups– Language– Religion– Daily Life– History– Arts

– Government– Economy

Social Groups

• Social Group – the different groups of people in a society. Rich Middle Class Poor Age

Roles of men and Women

Ethnic Group: a group of people who share a common history, language, religion, and physical features.

Social Groups

• Majority Groups – group of people in a society that control most of the wealth and power

• Minority Group – group of people in a society is the group of people which have a different race or ethnicity than the majority group.

Question

• Use your book and find what are the majority, and minority groups in the United States.

• Majority Groups : Caucasian

• Minority Groups: African Americans and Hispanic Americans.

Language

• Language is one of the strongest unifying forces for a culture.

• Dialect – a local form of a language that differs from the same language in other areas. – Schuylkill County has a dialect.– CoalSpeak: Dictionary of the Coal Region

Question

• Use your book to find other examples of dialect.

– Northeast – soda– Midwest – pop

Religion

• Religion helps people answer basic questions about life and its meaning.

• Many types of religions around the world. Some of the most common are:

– Buddhism– Christianity– Hinduism– Islam– Judaism

Types of Religion

• Buddhism – Belief in the Eightfold Path- rules that lead to a life of morality, wisdom, and good thought.

• Nirvana – State of Bliss – achieved when you follow the eightfold path.

• Leader – Buddha

Buddhism

• 365 million followers or 6% of the world’s population.

• Buddhism is the 4th largest religion in the world.

• Started in India spread into Sri Lanka and then across Asia.

Buddhism

Christianity

• Christians believe that Jesus the son of God was sent to Earth died on the cross to save humanity.

• Having faith in Jesus, you will have eternal life in heaven.

• Leader is Jesus Christ - monotheistic• 2.1 Billion people in the world are Christian• About 75% of all American adults consider

themselves Christian.

Types of Christianity

• Catholic• Protestant• Lutheran• Methodist

Christianity

Hinduism

• Reincarnation - after death the soul is reborn in another form. (person, animal, vegetable)

• Karma – spiritual force resulting from action in the past lives. Karma determines what a persons soul will be reborn as.

• Polytheistic – more than one God. The 3 main Gods are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva

• Leader - Unknown

Hinduism

• About 900 million people.• 3rd largest religion in the world• Originated in India• Shastras – book of their spiritual laws

Hinduism

Islam

• Followers are known as Muslims• Monotheistic – 1 God – Allah• Follow the Quran• Muhammad – prophet that said the Quran was

revealed to him by Allah• 5 Pillars of Faith –take you to eternal paradise– Belief Fasting– Charity Prayer

– Pilgrimage

Islam

• 1.5 billion people• 2nd largest religion in the world. • Islam – means submission• Origin Saudi Arabia

Islam

Judaism

• Monotheistic- 1 God – Yahweh• Believe they will have peace with each other

and God if they follow God’s laws. • Torah- first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible.• Leader – Abraham• About 14 million people are Jewish

Judaism

• Hannukah- commemorates the Jews struggle for religious freedom

• 8 Days long – because after the victory, the menorah was lit for eight days when they thought it would only last for one.

• Menorah – 8 candles.• Celebrates the Maccabees victory over the

Syrian Greeks

Judaism

Religions of the World

• http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html

Daily Life

• The things that we eat, say and do everyday as part of our lives.

• Many of these traditions have originated in other parts of the world. – Eating pizza, tacos, yogurt, egg rolls.– Eating with silverware, fingers, chopsticks– Clothing that we wear.

History

• The things in the past that we remember as a significant part of our daily lives. – Holidays – 4th of July, Cinco de Mayo, Veterans Day– Time periods – World War II, Civil War,

Enlightenment– People – George Washington, Queen Elizabeth,

Napolean

Arts

• An expression of feelings, time periods. – Pictures– Sculptures– Literature– Dance

– Architecture– Music

Government

• Rule or laws that people live by in a country• Limited Governments – all people must live

by the written law of the land– Constitution– Statement of Rights• Unlimited Governments – rulers have powers that

are not limited by laws.– Hitler

Government

• Democracy - form of limited government where power rests with the people of the nation.

• Dictatorship – Unlimited government where rulers rely on the police and military to take power by force.

• Monarchy – kings and queens are born into a ruling family. (Until about 1600 absolute monarchy unlimited power however now, most countries use a constitutional monarch which is limited. )

Types of Government

• Direct Democracy• Representative Democracy• Absolute Monarchy

• Dictatorship

Direct Democracy

• All citizens vote directly on issues.

• What countries have a direct democracy?– Switzerland– New England towns

Representative Democracy

• People vote for representatives who lead the country and make laws.

• What countries have a Representative Democracy?

– United States – Russia– France

Representative Democracy

• The majority rules in a democracy• People vote for who they feel is the best

representative. Once chosen, the representative is responsible for getting the people what they want. – Presidential Election- people are voting on who is

the best person to lead the country.

Constitutional Monarchy

• Monarch inherits the right to rule however they have limited powers.

• What countries have a constitutional monarchy– United Kingdom– Japan– Sweden – Jordan

Absolute Monarchy

• Inherits the right to rule, however they have limited power.

• What countries have an absolute monarch?– Saudi Arabia

Dictatorship

• Makes all laws and suppresses any opposition– Hitler- Germany– Stalin – Soviet Union

What countries have a dictatorship?Cuba - Iraq – Under Saddam Hussein

Economy

• How the people in a society earn a living. • Deals with the money of a country– Farming– Manufacturing– Services

Types of Economies

• Traditional • Command• Market• Mixed

Traditional Economy

• Customs and traditions determine what and how to produce. Resources are usually shared. Passed down from generation to generation.

• Bartering or exchanging is used

– Inuits – Canada– Parts of Africa and South America

Bartering

Command Economy

• Government owns resources and controls production, prices, and wages.

• “Communism” refers to Command Economies

– China– North Korea– Former USSR

Command Economies

Market Economy

• Individuals own resources and determine what and how to produce.

• Supply and Demand policy – prices and wages are set based on the producers supply, and the consumer demand.

• Also Known as consumer economics.– United States

Market Economy

Mixed

• Individuals own most resources and determine what and how to produce

• Government can regulate some industries– Almost all nations have this form of economics

including the United States.

Economies and Culture

Government vs. Economy

Government• Laws that are used to

control and regulate a country

Economy• The jobs and money matters

of a country. How the people of a country make a living.

Cultural Change

• Cultures do not remain the same• Cultural Diffusion - spreading new knowledge

and skills to other cultures. • What are causes of cultural diffusion?

– Television– Movies– Internet

Cultures

• Civilizations: a highly developed culture

• Culture Region: countries that have traits in common.