chapter 3 work study 2

8/11/2019 Chapter 3 Work Study 2

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PREPARED BY:NOR AIMAN BIN SUKINDAR

JKM


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To understand the work study concept withmethod study and time study.To know the procedure for doing time study

and explains how allowance and rating factorinfluence standard time rating.


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Work study is a generic term for thosetechniques, method study and workmeasurement which are used in the

examination of human work in all itscontexts which lead systematically to theinvestigation of all the factors which affectthe efficiency and economy of the situation

being reviewed, in order to effectimprovement. Kajian Kerja merupakan servis yang menggunakan teknik-teknikseperti kajian kaedah dan kajian masa, untuk mengkajikeberkesanan setiap aktivti kerja secara sistematik demimenghasilkan aktiviti kerja yang cekap dan produktif


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1. Improved layout and design of workplace.2. Improved and efficient work procedures.3. Effective utilisation of men, machines and

materials.4. Improved design or specification of thefinal product.


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High production cost from usualToo many work in progressLow quality production

Use of materials, equipment, machinery andlabour is not satisfactoryFrequent overtimeWork that using too much labour


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Study methods generally defined as a studyto determine the methods that can be usedas well to find one of the best methods to

practice in the course of the work.

Kajian kaedah secara am didefinasikan sebagai satu kajian untukmenentukan kaedah-kaedah yang boleh digunakan serta mencari satukaedah yang terbaik untuk mempraktikan dalam menjalankan sesuatukerja.


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OBJECTIVES

(a) Improvement in quality with lesser scrap.(b) Increased production through betterutilisation of resources.(c) Elimination of unnecessary operations andmovements.

(d ) Improved layout leading to smooth flowof material and a balanced production line.(e ) Improved working conditions.


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Economic Aspects1. Operations involving excessive labour.

2. Operations producing lot of scrap or defectives.

3. Operations having poor utilisation of resources

Technical Aspects1. Job having in consistent quality.

2. Operations generating lot of scraps.

3. Frequent complaints from workers regarding the job.

Human Considerations 1. Workers complaining about unnecessary and tiring work.

2. More frequency of accidents.

3. Inconsistent earning.


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1) Choosing a work to be studiedHaving decided that the research work should be done from the signsthat have been described above, it is necessary also to choose which ofthe thousands of jobs in the plant network to be studied.2) Collect and record informationAll information or data regarding the methods of work adopted in makingwork that has been selected to be collected and recorded. Recordingtechniques will be described later.3) Review all informationOnce you complete all the information available then the next step is toexamine in detail each of the methods and movements found in earlierwork.4) Plan a new methodAny rule or movement that was vulnerable to be identified and thenplans should be made to modify or last movement to be more productive.5) Practise new methodHaving concluded that the new method is needed is practice. Theimportant thing is to practice the new method must get the consent ofthe parties such as the management, foremen and operators themselves,for without the cooperation of all parties to this new method willcertainly fail.6) Maintain a method


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The next step in basic procedure, afterselecting the work to be studied is to recordall facts relating to the existing method

TYPE OF CHART1.Operation Process Chart 2. Flow Process Chart


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1. OUTLINE PROCESS CHART2.PROCESS FLOW CHART


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Outline process chart is the simplest process. It gives a descriptionand diagram of the activities that occurred from the beginning ofraw material processed, operation sequences and inspectionsperformed. It's easy because not include activities such detail butroughly only.


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AKTIVITI-AKTIVITI UNTUK SIMBOL PENGENDALIAN (Operationsymbol)Pemasangan/pembukaan komponen (manufacture)Kerja-kerja membaiki(fixing)Menyediakan loji dan alatan(prepairing tool)

Perubahan bentuk/keadaan sesuatu bahan.Tidakbalas kimiaMemberi perintahMengisi borangMembuat pengiraan dan lain-lain.

AKTIVITI-AKTIVITI UNTUK SIMBOL PEMERIKSAAN(Inspectionsymbol) Menyukat bahanMengkelasMemeriksa-mengukur, menombor atau menimbang.


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EXAMPLE:-1 .(COLLECTING RAW MATERIAL)bahan dikumpulkan

(5 minutes)

2. (mix all the raw material) adunkan semua bahan(2 minutes)3. (PUT IN THE CASTING)letakkan adunan dalam acuan

( 1 minute)4. (HEATED)Bakar (30minutes)

5. (INSPECTION)periksa masak atau tidak (2minutes)6. (COOLING DOWN)tutup api dan sejukkan (1/2 minutes)


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Inspection 1 is more important thanoperation 2

operation 3 is more important thaninspection 4

1-2

3-4


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TRANSPORTATIONDELAY

STORAGE

Transportation

A transport indicates the movement of workers, materials or equipmentfrom one place to another.

Example: Movement of materials from one work station to another.Workers travelling to bring tools.


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Delay: Delay (Temporary Storage) A delay occurs when the immediate performance of the next

planned thing does not take place.

Example: Work waiting between consecutive operations.

Operators waiting for instructions from supervisor.

Storage

Storage occurs when the object is kept in an authorised custody and

is protected against unauthorised removal.For example, materials kept in stores to be distributed to various

work.


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Time study is also called work measurement. It is essential forboth planning and control of operations.

According to British Standard Institute time study has beendefined as The application of techniques designed to establishthe time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a

defined level of performance.

Kajian Masa ialah kajian yang menggunakan cara-cara tertentu untuk menentukan jumlah masa yang diambil oleh pengendali untuk menyempurnakan sesuatuoperasi .


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OBJECTIVES TIME STUDYDetermine the level of difficulty of an operation.

Determine the amount of the elements involved in an operation.Determine an employee's skill level.Improve methods of operation takes too long.Reduce production costs.Determine the standard time for an operation.

Menentukan tahap kepayahan sesuatu operasi.

Menentukan jumlah unsur-unsur yang terlibat dalam sesuatu operasi.

Menentukan tahap kemahiran seseorang pekerja.

Memperbaiki kaedah pengendalian yang memerlukan masa yang terlalu panjang.

Mengurangkan kos pengeluaran.

Menentukan masa piawai untuk sesuatu operasi.


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Using stop watch (jam randik)


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Average time for each works

A = (4 + 5 + 4 + 6 + 6 + 5 + 4) / 7 = 4.85 min

B = (6 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 7 + 6 + 7) / 7 = 6.71 min

C = (15 + 14 + 14 + 12 + 15 + 16 + 13) / 7 = 14.14 min

D = (3 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 8) / 7 = 4.43 min

E = (5 + 6 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 7) / 7 = 5.57 min

F = (3 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 3) / 7 = 4.00 min

Normal Time = Average Observed Time X Rating

A = 4.85 X (110/100) = 5.34 min

B = 6.71 X (90/100) = 6.04 min

C = 14.14 X (105/100) = 14.85 min

D = 4.43 X (100/100) = 4.43 min

E = 5.57 X (130/100) = 7.24 min

F = 4.00 X (95/100) = 3.80 min


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Standard Time = Normal Time + (allowance x Normal Time ) A = 5.34 + (0.2 X 5.34) = 6.41 min

B = 6.04 + (0.2 X 6.04) = 7.25 min

C = 14.85 + (0.2 X 14.85) = 17.82 min

D = 4.43 + (0.2 X 4.43) = 5.32 minE = 7.24 + (0.2 X 7.24) = 8.69 min

F = 3.80 + (0.2 X 3.80) = 4.56 min

Overall Standard Time = 6.41 + 7.25 + 17.82 + 5.32 + 8.69 + 4.56= 50.05 min


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If an allowance of 10% for the fatigue factor and 10% for individual factors (personal) is allowed for theoperation, get the normal time and standard time for this process.

chapter 3 work study 2

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