Chapter 31:Chapter 31: CHINACHINA

a.k.a.a.k.a.CHI-COMCHI-COM

CHINA

CHINA: An Ancient HistoryCHINA: An Ancient History1.1. Chinese civilizationChinese civilization beganbegan

aboutabout 5,000 years5,000 years agoago2.2. Almost all that time Almost all that time

agricultureagriculture has been the has been the key to lifekey to life

3.3. Lack of militaryLack of military technology allowed thetechnology allowed the U. U. S. and EuropeS. and Europe to force to force their way into China their way into China during the 1800sduring the 1800s

CHINESE HISTORYCHINESE HISTORY1.1. By the 1900s. TheBy the 1900s. The U. S. and U. S. and

EuropeEurope had “carved” had “carved” China into “China into “spheres-of-spheres-of-influenceinfluence””

a.a. Spheres-of-influence: An Spheres-of-influence: An area of aarea of a country that iscountry that is politically/economically politically/economically controlledcontrolled by another by another country, thoughcountry, though not directlynot directly..

2.2. ManyMany Chinese hatedChinese hated how how they were beingthey were being treatedtreated

a.a. Some wantedSome wanted to take on to take on WesternWestern culturescultures

b.b. SomeSome wanted to retain only wanted to retain only theirtheir traditionaltraditional Chinese Chinese cultureculture

c.c. OthersOthers wanted to “ wanted to “blendblend” ” bothboth

CHINESE HISTORYCHINESE HISTORY

3.3. During the struggle theDuring the struggle the Nationalist’s PartyNationalist’s Party came to came to powerpower

a.a. Forced theForced the Emperor to Emperor to abdicateabdicate

Abdicate: Abdicate: Give up powerGive up power

b.b. Sun Yat-sen became Sun Yat-sen became presidentpresident

CHINESE HISTORYCHINESE HISTORY

4.4. The army and localThe army and local warlordswarlords didn’t want to didn’t want to give up powergive up power

a.a. Warlords: RegionalWarlords: Regional leaders withleaders with their owntheir own armiesarmies..

5.5. After Sun Yat-Sen’s death, After Sun Yat-Sen’s death, Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek came to powercame to power

6.6. A trainedA trained soldiersoldier, Chiang quickly, Chiang quickly defeateddefeated the regional the regional warlordswarlords

CHINESE HISTORYCHINESE HISTORY

1.1. During the late 1920s, During the late 1920s, many membersmany members of the of the NationalistNationalist People’s Party People’s Party wantedwanted to follow the to follow the CommunistCommunist path of the U. path of the U. S. S. R.S. S. R.

2.2. Chiang ordered the Chiang ordered the communists killedcommunists killed

COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

3.3. Some Some hid in the mountainshid in the mountains

4.4. They made “They made “The Long MarchThe Long March””a.a. Led by Mao Zedong (mow zhuh Led by Mao Zedong (mow zhuh

doong)doong)

5.5. Traveled over Traveled over 6,0006,000 miles mostly miles mostly on footon foot

6.6. Of the Of the 100,000100,000 who who startedstarted, only , only 8,0008,000 made it to made it to safetysafety

COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM7.7. During the 1930s, the During the 1930s, the

Japanese invadedJapanese invaded China China

8.8. Nationalists & Communists Nationalists & Communists temporarily temporarily united to fightunited to fight this common enemy this common enemy

9.9. After After WW-II endedWW-II ended, the two , the two sides began to sides began to fight againfight again

10.10. The The poorpoor-Chinese -Chinese joinedjoined with the with the Communists Communists and and defeated the Nationalistsdefeated the Nationalists

11.11. Nationalists ran to TaiwanNationalists ran to Taiwan & set up a democratic & set up a democratic governmentgovernment

12.12. CommunistsCommunists set up a set up a government at Beijinggovernment at Beijing: : “The People’s Republic “The People’s Republic of China”of China”

COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

CHINA

COMMUNISM & “THE PLANS”COMMUNISM & “THE PLANS”1.1. After the warAfter the war, China’s , China’s economyeconomy was was

in in bad shapebad shape2.2. Mao Zedong put a “Mao Zedong put a “PlanPlan” together ” together

to increase agriculturalto increase agricultural production production3.3. Mao’s plan was: Mao’s plan was: Collective farmingCollective farming4.4. By 1956, By 1956, 8888% of all % of all Chinese-poorChinese-poor

worked worked on collective farmson collective farms5.5. This This first plan didn’t workfirst plan didn’t work

sooooooo…Plan Twosooooooo…Plan Two

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”6.6. ““THE THE GREAT LEAPGREAT LEAP

FORWARD”FORWARD”

a.a. The The 700,000 collective 700,000 collective farmsfarms were combined into were combined into 26,000 communes26,000 communes

Commune: A community Commune: A community whose whose members share members share common interestscommon interests, work, , work, and income and and income and workwork the the land land collectivelycollectively..

b.b. All All decisionsdecisions were made were made by by CommunistsCommunists

c.c. Great Leap ForwardGreat Leap Forward was a was a Great Leap BackwardsGreat Leap Backwards

d.d. People had People had no reason to workno reason to work hard…and hard…and they didn’tthey didn’t

e.e. This, combined with This, combined with bad bad weatherweather from 1958 to 1960 from 1958 to 1960 brought brought bad harvestsbad harvests…and …and starvationstarvation

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

7.7. PLAN THREE: PLAN THREE: “ “The Cultural The Cultural

RevolutionRevolution””a.a. After much After much criticismcriticism, Mao , Mao

decided to take decided to take far more far more drastic measuresdrastic measures

b.b. Mao ordered a Mao ordered a total total restructuring of restructuring of CHI-COM CHI-COM societysociety

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

c.c. The The Red GuardRed Guard (Young, (Young, fanatical CHI-COMS) fanatical CHI-COMS) were under orders to were under orders to destroydestroy the “ the “Old FourOld Four””1)1) OLD OLD ideologyideology

2)2) OLD OLD thoughtthought

3)3) OLD OLD habitshabits

4)4) OLD OLD customscustoms

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

d.d. Anyone opposingAnyone opposing Mao was Mao was beaten, beaten, imprisoned or killedimprisoned or killed

e.e. As a As a resultresult:: Farm Farm production fellproduction fell Manufacturing Manufacturing stoppedstopped Schools were Schools were closedclosed

f.f. The “Cultural Revolution” The “Cultural Revolution” ruined the economyruined the economy of of ChinaChina

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

8.8. End of “THE PLANS”End of “THE PLANS”a.a. Mao Zedong Mao Zedong died in 1976died in 1976b.b. Deng Xiaoping (dung shau ping) Deng Xiaoping (dung shau ping) took took

powerpowerc.c. THE FOUR THE FOUR MODERNIZATIONSMODERNIZATIONS

Modernize Modernize agricultureagriculture Modernize Modernize IndustryIndustry Modernize Modernize ScienceScience & & technologytechnology Modernize the Modernize the MilitaryMilitary

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

d.d. Deng Deng didn’t care howdidn’t care how this this modernization was done, modernization was done, as long as long as it workedas it worked

e.e. After After years of a planned-years of a planned-economyeconomy, collective farming, , collective farming, starvation, prisons, the starvation, prisons, the CHI-CHI-COMS triedCOMS tried something that has something that has worked everywhere it was tried… worked everywhere it was tried… Free-Market EconomyFree-Market Economy

Communism & “THE PLANS”Communism & “THE PLANS”

1.1. Deng Deng split upsplit up the the communescommunes2.2. Rented the land to Rented the land to

individual individual farmersfarmers who who decided what to producedecided what to produce

3.3. After paying their “rent,” After paying their “rent,” the the farmers could keep or farmers could keep or sellsell any crops they grew any crops they grew

4.4. This This increasedincreased production production5.5. Farmer’s Farmer’s incomeincome increased increased

CHANGES IN AGRICULTURECHANGES IN AGRICULTURE

CHANGES IN INDUSTRYCHANGES IN INDUSTRY1.1. The CHI-COMS first The CHI-COMS first pushed pushed

heavy industryheavy industry (production of (production of iron, iron, steel and machinessteel and machines used in other used in other industries)industries)

2.2. Deng changed to Deng changed to light industrylight industry (production of consumer goods)(production of consumer goods)

a.a. ClothingClothingb.b. AppliancesAppliancesc.c. BicyclesBicycles

CHANGES IN INDUSTRYCHANGES IN INDUSTRY3.3. The Chi-Coms set up four The Chi-Coms set up four

“Special “Special Economic ZonesEconomic Zones””a.a. On the On the Southeast coastSoutheast coastb.b. Foreign CapitalForeign Capital (investment (investment $$$ $$$

from other countriesfrom other countries came in) came in)

4.4. China China nownow has has over 20over 20 Million Million factoriesfactories

5.5. Due to theseDue to these changeschanges, China’s , China’s economy has quadrupledeconomy has quadrupled

UNEXPECTED RESULTSUNEXPECTED RESULTS1.1. Economic Economic growthgrowth has has

been been unevenuneven

2.2. Coastal & SouthernCoastal & Southern cities cities have have prospered the mostprospered the most

3.3. At its At its current ratecurrent rate, China , China maymay soon become the soon become the 33rdrd largest economylargest economy in the in the worldworld

MORE POLITICAL TROUBLEMORE POLITICAL TROUBLE1.1. With With economic freedomeconomic freedom, the Chinese , the Chinese

wanted political freedomwanted political freedom 2.2. Called the “Called the “Fifth ModernizationFifth Modernization””3.3. In 1989, In 1989, 100,000 demonstrators100,000 demonstrators

crowded into Tiananmen Square in crowded into Tiananmen Square in BeijingBeijing

4.4. Ignoring ordersIgnoring orders to go home, the to go home, the Army opened fire Army opened fire killing 2,000killing 2,000 peoplepeople

5.5. Government decided: Economic Government decided: Economic growth can continuegrowth can continue, only if the , only if the peoplepeople are kept “ are kept “in linein line””

CULTURES1. Must request permission

to move

2. Cannot say anything against the government

3. People practicing religion are dealt with harshly

CULTURES4. Overpopulation:

a. 1.3 Billion people

b. Chi/Coms ordered population control

c. Families are limited to only one child

d. Have more children…fines, lost jobs & lower pay

TIBET1. Plateau of Himalayas

2. 14,000’ PLUS

3. Buddhists

4. Lead by a Theocrat: (Someone who claims to rule by their god)

TIBET5. China invaded in 1959

6. Tried to end Buddhist Religion

7. Set up Collective Farms

8. Chi-Coms declared Tibet an Autonomous Zone

a. Similar to a Province in Canada

TAIWAN

TaiwanTaiwan1.1. Name means “Name means “terraced terraced

coastlinecoastline””2.2. After the After the Communists took the Communists took the

mainlandmainland, the , the NationalistsNationalists set up set up a provisional a provisional government in government in TaiwanTaiwan

a.a. Provisional Government: Provisional Government: temporary governmenttemporary government

3.3. For years, For years, Many countriesMany countries refused to “refused to “recognizerecognize” the ” the Communist government and Communist government and hoped that the hoped that the Nationalists could Nationalists could retake Chinaretake China

TaiwanTaiwan4.4. Since the 1970s, many Since the 1970s, many

countries countries do not recognize do not recognize TaiwanTaiwan

5.5. However, many However, many do big businessdo big business with Taiwanwith Taiwan

6.6. Double Cropping: Due to the Double Cropping: Due to the warmer climatewarmer climate, farmers can , farmers can produce produce more than one crop a more than one crop a yearyear

Hong Kong

Hong Kong

HONG KONGHONG KONG1.1. A A 400400 square mile square mile

peninsula on the peninsula on the East East CoastCoast

2.2. Home to more than Home to more than sixsix million, almost million, almost all Chineseall Chinese

3.3. In 1898, the In 1898, the British forced British forced the Chinesethe Chinese government to government to rent Hong Kongrent Hong Kong to them to them for 99 yearsfor 99 years

4.4. Under the “Under the “free-enterprise free-enterprise systemsystem” Hong Kong became an ” Hong Kong became an ““economic gianteconomic giant””

5.5. In In 19971997, Hong Kong , Hong Kong returned to returned to ChinaChina

6.6. ChinaChina has agreed to has agreed to allow Hong allow Hong Kong to continueKong to continue as it did as it did beforebefore

HONG KONGHONG KONG

7.7. ManyMany believedbelieved that that the Chi-the Chi-ComsComs would “ would “taketake” everything ” everything Hong Kong hadHong Kong had

a.a. Possible Possible exodusexodus (most (most people people leavingleaving) didn’t happen) didn’t happen

8.8. The Hong Kong economy The Hong Kong economy continuescontinues because because China needs China needs the moneythe money

HONG KONGHONG KONG

MONGOLIA

Map of China

MONGOLIA

MONGOLIAMONGOLIA1.1. Buffer State: Buffer State:

Protective Protective zone zone between China and between China and RussiaRussia

2.2. In the 1200s, In the 1200s, Genghis Khan Genghis Khan ruled ruled much of Asia andmuch of Asia and EuropeEurope

3.3. Following its Following its neighbor’s neighbor’s example, example, adopted communismadopted communism

4.4. By By 19901990ss, democratic , democratic electionelection were held were held

5.5. MostMost make their living make their living by by nomadic-herdingnomadic-herding

MONGOLIAMONGOLIA

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