CHAPTER 3.1 MIXTURES

Their Uses

Mechanical Mixtures

Has more than one type of particle You can see the different substances in

mechanical mixtures. Ex. Concrete Other examples?

Solutions

When two or more substances combine to form a mixture that is uniform (looks the same throughout)

Appears to contain only one kind of particle.

Examples: Shampoo and syrup. Other examples?

Parts of Solutions

Solute- is the substance that dissolves

Solvent- is the substance in which the solute dissolves.

Solute and solvent combine to form a solution.

There is usually less solute than solvent in a solution.

Iced tea - Crystals (solute or solvent?)- Water (solute or solvent?)

Concentration

Describes the amount of solute in a solution (what is solute again??)

seen on the label of many products Shown in many ways:

g/L most common which means mass of solute in 1L of the solution

Solubility

Describes how easily a solute will dissolve in a solvent to make a solution

Soluble: when a substance will dissolve in a solvent.

Insoluble: when a substance will NOT dissolve in a solvent

Miscible vs. Immiscible

Miscible: is capable of being mixed. Ex. Milk and water.

Immiscible: incapable of being mixed. Ex. Fuel (gasoline) and water are

immiscible Ex. Water and oil

Mixtures and Solutions

Matter is made up of pure substances and mixtures

Pure substances are made up of elements and compounds

Mixtures are made up of mechanical mixtures and solutions.

Matter

Pure Substance

Mixture

element

compound

mechanical

mixture

solution

Organization of Matter Flowchart

Review: To remember solute vs. solvent

Solute- the substance that dissolves Usually less of

Solvent- the substance that does the dissolves Usually more of

Another Hint: “u” in solute comes before “v” in solvent so your going to put solute in the solvent. Solvent dissolves the solute.

Other Trick… use if you want Remembering Solute vs. Solvent:

Solute (6 letters long) Solvent (7 letters long) The solute is shorter/smaller/less of, if there

is less of it, it will dissolve

Purifying Water Water treatment plants

One method; add alum to impure water, bacteria and dirt stick to alum and sink. Therefore easily separated.

Another step uses a charcoal filter to remove dissolved impurities

Lastly adding chlorine, kills any of the bacteria that are still present.

They are now using UV light to kill bacteria

Distillation

Distillation is a way to get clean water. Process in which water is boiled and the steam is collected and it condenses to form pure water.

Solar water distiller

Separating Mixtures

4 Main ways to separate mixtures: Straining (separation by size)

ie. Using filter paper Using a magnet (separates iron parts) Evaporation (sugar and water) Dissolving (sugar and sand)

Practice

Page 44 #’s 1-3