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CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS

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Page 1: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS

Page 2: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

32-1: The Nature of Animals

Two types of Animals: Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone

Invertebrates Animals without a

backbone Accounts for more

than 95% of all animal species

Page 3: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals Animals are:

Multicellular Heterotrophic Lack cell walls

Commonalities among animals: Sexual reproduction Movement

Page 4: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals MulticellularityMulticellularity

Contains lots of cells Estimated: humans = 50 to 100 trillion Without M.C. – large #of animals would not exist

Cells are dependent upon each other for presence of and/or functioning of other cells Biological hierarchy

Page 5: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals Divisions of Labor:

SpecializationSpecialization Adaptation of a cell for particular function

Example: building a house

Cell junctions Connections between cells for communication

Cells together as a UNIT Cells combine to form different types of tissues,

organs, organ systems MC + cell specialization have enabled organisms to

evolve + adapt to many environments

Page 6: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals HeterotrophyHeterotrophy

Must obtain energy + nutrients by taking in organic molecules, usually other living things Known as ingestioningestion

Page 7: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals Sexual Reproduction + Sexual Reproduction +

DevelopmentDevelopment Fusion of gametes – sperm + egg

Known as a zygote – diploid cell Undergoes continuous mitotic

division During this process, the cells become

different from each other Known as differentiationdifferentiation

Examples: bone cells, blood cells

Page 8: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Characteristics of Animals MovementMovement

Ability to move is a result of interaction between the nervous + muscular systems

Nervous cells, neuronsneurons, stimulate muscles to work

Page 9: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Origin + Classification 1st animals – arose in seas

Evolved from protists heterotrophic + eukaryotics organisms

Colonial protistsColonial protists Flagellated protists that lost movement (flagella) Over course of evolution, cells in colony grew more

specialized First step towards MULTICELLULARITY

Taxonomy of Animals Grouped according to phylogeny

Page 10: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone
Page 11: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Invertebrates (11 Phyla in Kingdom Animalia) Body plans range from asymmetry + no

tissues to bilateral symmetry + specialized body parts

Make up the greatest # of animal species

Page 12: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Chordates Phylum Chordata All chordates have 4 features at some time during

their development: NotochordNotochord – a firm, flexible rod of tissue in the dorsal

part of the body Turns into backbone in vertebrate species

Dorsal nerve cord Dorsal nerve cord – hollow tube above the notochord Turns into the brain + spinal cord

Pharyngeal pouches Pharyngeal pouches – small outpockets of anterior part of digestive tract Turns into respiratory system (gills, lungs)

Postanal tail Postanal tail – muscle tissue behind the posterior opening of the digestive tract

Page 13: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

A picture of a chordate…

Page 14: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure SymmetrySymmetry

Body arrangement in which parts that lie on opposite sides of an axis are identical

Types of symmetry: AsymmetryAsymmetry – no pattern

Example - Sponge

Page 15: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure - Patterns RadialRadial

Parts are organized in a circle around an axis Examples: sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydra

Page 16: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure - Patterns Bilateral

Two similar halves on either side of a central plane Words used to describe bilateral

animals: DorsalDorsal – back side VentralVentral – belly side AnteriorAnterior – towards head PosteriorPosterior – towards tail CephalizationCephalization – concentration of

sensory + brain structures in anterior end of animal

Page 17: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure Germ Layers

Fundamental tissue layers found in the embryos of all animals No tissues – sponges 2 germ layers – cnidarians + ctenophores

DIPLOBLASTSDIPLOBLASTS

3 germ layers – all other animals TRIPLOBLASTSTRIPLOBLASTS

Page 18: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure Body Cavities

Fluid-filled space that forms between the digestive tract and outer wall of body during development (known as a coelom) No body cavity – flatworms Having a body cavity allows organisms to move:

Muscles can contract Does not allow internal organs to move Reservoir and medium for nutrient/waste

transport

Page 19: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Body Structure + Relatedness Similarities in body plans and patterns of

development allows organisms to be classified Use of phylogenetic trees + cladograms

The branches on the tree represents phylogenyphylogeny The more closely related organisms are to each other,

the closer the branches (recent common ancestorrecent common ancestor) The further apart organisms are on the tree, the more

distantly related they are thought to be

Page 20: CHAPTER 32 – ANIMALS. 32-1: The Nature of Animals Two types of Animals: Vertebrates Animals with a backbone Invertebrates Animals without a backbone

Classifying Organisms · 2021. 2. 25. · Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. This group includes animals with an exoskeleton, like beetles. Living things (organisms)

34-1 The Nature of Animals. Vertebrate An animal with a backbone Invertebrate An animal without a backbone

Lesson plan details - University of California, Berkeley · Web viewKinds of fossils include: invertebrates (animals without a backbone), plants, vertebrates (animals with a backbone),

Vertebrate Animals with a backbone) - Ms. Brown's …portlandbrown.weebly.com/uploads/1/8/2/6/1826840/chapter... · 2017-10-05 · Vertebrate Animals (with a backbone) Class of Chordate

FARM ANIMALS - Holidaycottages.co.uk · FARM ANIMALS colour in the animals. Title: HC-Farm Created Date: 1/26/2015 10:32:39 AM

Animales complejosa.pdf• Identify and explain the role of the backbone and spinal cord in vertebrate animals. • Define vertebrates as animals that possess a backbone. • List

Chapter 7 Marine Animals sans Backbone

Section 1 Chordates Animals with a backbone belong to a larger group of animals called chordates (KOR dayts). Three characteristics of all chordates

Arthropods. and Echinoderms Invertebrates are animals that have no backbone

Ch. 33: Invertebrates (Animals without a backbone)

BACKBONES THAT ARE MADE OF VERTEBRA · 2021. 3. 18. · of humans. Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. A backbone consists of a series of bones that connects the animal’s skull

Classifying Animals:. Animals with a backbone are called vertebrates. Scientists put all vertebrates together into one group in the animal kingdom. Vertebrates

Objective: Invertebrates. Life Without a Backbone Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone They account for 95% of known animal species

Classification of Animals Scientists have divided the Animal Kingdom into two main groups: vertebrates (animals with a backbone) invertebrates (animals

Invertebrates are animals that have no backbone

What Am I? Vertebrate Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone Invertebrate Invertebrates are animals that do not have a backbone. Invertebrates are

Marine Invertebrates. Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes) Kingdom Animalia (animals) No vertebra (backbone) 97% of all animal species on earth

Classification of Animals of Animals Card 7 of 23: Rat’s Backbone top Classification of Animals Card 8 of 23: Hippopotamus and Baby top Classification of Animals

Invertebrates. Definition Sub-Kingdom of Animals Animals that do not have a backbone at anytime during their development There are 8 major phyla of invertebrates

Objective: Intro to Animal Diversity. Life Without a Backbone Invertebrates are animals that lack a backbone They account for 95% of known animal species

Complex Animals Guide - GVLIBRARIES.ORG Animals_ guide_FIN.… · • Identify and explain the role of the backbone and spinal cord in vertebrate animals. • Defi ne vertebrates

Types of Animals There are two main types of animals: Vertebrates and InvertebratesVertebrates and Invertebrates Vertebrates (have a backbone): Mammals

Ch. 32 - 33 – Sponges, Cnidarians, & Ctenophores What is an invertebrate? An animal without a backbone. What are some examples? Animals are classified

Vertebrates May, 2012. Vertebrates –Animals with a backbone

Animals An invertebrate is an animal without backbone. animal

Ch. 33: Invertebrates (Animals without a backbone)

CLASSIFYING ANIMALS. Classifying Animals Vertebrates: Animals with backbone. Invertebrates: Animals without backbone

Invertebrates Chapter 33. Most animals - invertebrates - do not have backbone

Ch.32 34 - animals

Introduction to animals Introduction to Animals – Ch. 32

Introduction to Animals. Section 1: Nature of Animals I.Vertebrate vs. Invertevrate A.Vertebrate – has vertebrae or backbone surrounding nerve cord (spinal

Animals are divided into invertebrates and vertebrates. The invertebrates are the animals that do not posses a backbone or vertebral column while the vertebrates

4 th Grade. The study of animals An animal that has a vertebral column or backbone

NATURAL UNIT 3 MAMMALS AND BIRDS. · 2020. 10. 12. · Vertebrates: Animals with skeleton or backbone. Invertebrates: Animals without skeleton or backbone. Some have a shell to protect

Marine Animals Without a Backbone Shipley’s Marine Biology