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Chapter 32: Chapter 32: The Conservative The Conservative ChallengeChallenge

Preview:Preview: “As frustration mounted over an era of limits, “As frustration mounted over an era of limits, conservatives pressed to restore traditional religious and conservatives pressed to restore traditional religious and social values. Ronald Reagan led the political charge with a social values. Ronald Reagan led the political charge with a program to reduce government regulations, raise military program to reduce government regulations, raise military spending, and lower taxes….But as the national debt rose spending, and lower taxes….But as the national debt rose sharply and a recession deepened, voters reined in the sharply and a recession deepened, voters reined in the conservative movement.”conservative movement.”

The Highlights:The Highlights: The Conservative RebellionThe Conservative Rebellion Prime Time with Ronald ReaganPrime Time with Ronald Reagan Standing Tall in a Chaotic WorldStanding Tall in a Chaotic World An End to the Cold WarAn End to the Cold War

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The Conservative The Conservative RebellionRebellion Born AgainBorn Again

– EvangelicalsEvangelicals– Moral Majority, Inc (1979)Moral Majority, Inc (1979)

The Catholic ConscienceThe Catholic Conscience– Vatican II (1962-1965)Vatican II (1962-1965)– Pope John Paul IIPope John Paul II

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The Media as BattlegroundThe Media as Battleground– Topical sitcomsTopical sitcoms– M*A*S*HM*A*S*H– People for the American Way: People for the American Way:

Norman LearNorman Lear The Election of 1980The Election of 1980

– Ronald Reagan spoke the language Ronald Reagan spoke the language of true conservatismof true conservatism

– Reagan made striking gains among Reagan made striking gains among union workers, southern white union workers, southern white Protestants, Catholics, and JewsProtestants, Catholics, and Jews

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The Great CommunicatorThe Great Communicator– The Reagan styleThe Reagan style– ““Teflon president”Teflon president”

The Reagan AgendaThe Reagan Agenda– Supply-side economiesSupply-side economies– Military BuildupMilitary Buildup

Prime Time with Ronald Reagan

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The Reagan Revolution in PracticeThe Reagan Revolution in Practice– Environmental controversiesEnvironmental controversies– Tax cutsTax cuts

The Supply-Side ScorecardThe Supply-Side Scorecard– The transfer of wealthThe transfer of wealth– The Reagan boom was an uneven one The Reagan boom was an uneven one

despite continued economic expansiondespite continued economic expansion

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The Military BuildupThe Military Buildup– Core of the Reagan revolution was a Core of the Reagan revolution was a

sharp rise in military spendingsharp rise in military spending– Star WarsStar Wars

“Reagan described the Soviet Union as an ‘evil empire.’ To defeat Communism he supported a sharp rise in military spending. Outlays rose from less than $200 billion under Presidents Ford and Carter to almost $300 billion in 1985, when growing opposition led to some constraint”(1084).

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Standing Tall in a Chaotic Standing Tall in a Chaotic WorldWorld

Terrorism in the Middle EastTerrorism in the Middle East– American Marines sent into Lebanon as American Marines sent into Lebanon as

part of a European-American part of a European-American peacekeeping forcepeacekeeping force

– Terrorist attacks by Islamic Terrorist attacks by Islamic fundamentalists bedeviled Reaganfundamentalists bedeviled Reagan

Mounting Frustrations in Central Mounting Frustrations in Central AmericaAmerica– Grenada invasion (1983)Grenada invasion (1983)– Boland AmendmentBoland Amendment

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The Iran-Contra ConnectionThe Iran-Contra Connection– Arms for hostages dealArms for hostages deal– Lieutenant Colonel Oliver “Ollie” NorthLieutenant Colonel Oliver “Ollie” North

Cover BlownCover Blown– IrangateIrangate

From Cold War to GlasnostFrom Cold War to Glasnost– Mikhail GorbachevMikhail Gorbachev– Intermediate Nuclear Force treaty Intermediate Nuclear Force treaty

(1987)(1987)

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The Election of 1988The Election of 1988– Vice-President George Bush versus Vice-President George Bush versus

Governor Michael Dukakis of Governor Michael Dukakis of MassachusettsMassachusetts

– Bush won with 54 percent of the Bush won with 54 percent of the popular votepopular vote

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An End to the Cold WarAn End to the Cold War

A Post-Cold War Foreign PolicyA Post-Cold War Foreign Policy– The fall of communismThe fall of communism– Policy of “status quo plus”Policy of “status quo plus”

The Gulf WarThe Gulf War– Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein– Operation Desert Storm (1991)Operation Desert Storm (1991)

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Domestic DoldrumsDomestic Doldrums– Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues– ““Education Summit”Education Summit”

The Conservative CourtThe Conservative Court– The Clarence Thomas hearingsThe Clarence Thomas hearings– Stance on Affirmative ActionStance on Affirmative Action

Disillusionment and AngerDisillusionment and Anger– S&L crisisS&L crisis– AIDS (early 1980’s)AIDS (early 1980’s)

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The Election of 1992The Election of 1992– Gramm-Rudman Act (1985)Gramm-Rudman Act (1985)– White-collar unemploymentWhite-collar unemployment– ““It’s the Economy…”It’s the Economy…”

“What role would the United States play in the post-cold war era, when it stood as the lone superpower in the world arena? That was a question for William Jefferson Clinton as he sought to lead the United States into the twenty-first century”(1098).

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