chapter 35-1/35-2 essential question: how does the human body maintain homeostasis? what is the...
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Chapter 35-1/35-2Essential Question:• How does the human body maintain
homeostasis?
• What is the function of the nervous system?
• How is a nerve impulse transmitted?
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• Homeostasis– Process where organisms maintain relatively stable
internal environment• Feedback inhibition– To maintain homeostasis– Process: product of a system shuts down or limits
operation
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Chapter 35-2: The Nervous SystemEssential questions:• What is the function of the nervous system?• How is a nerve impulse transmitted?
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• Function of Nervous System: – control and coordinate functions of body &
respond to external & internal stimuli• Neurons– Cells that transmit electrical signals (impulses)– Anatomy:• Cell body• Dendrites• Axon• Myelin sheath
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Nerve Impulse• Resting potential– Negative charge builds inside cell, positive outside– This difference across membrane is resting
potential
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• Action potential– Nerve impulse: neuron is stimulated by another
neuron or environment– Reverses electrical charge across membrane: action
potential• Cascades through nerve cells
• Threshold: minimum level of stimulus needed to activate a neuron– Strength of impulse always the same
• “all or nothing” principle
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• Synapse– Location where a neuron can transfer an impulse
to another cell– Between axon terminal of 1 cell and dendrites of
another cell• Neurotransmitters– Chemicals used to transmit impulse across a
synapse
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Chapter 35-3• What are the functions of the Central Nervous
System? • What are the divisions of
the Peripheral Nervous System?
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• Central Nervous System (CNS): relays messages, processes & analyzes information– Brain and spinal chord
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• Spinal cord: Link between brain and body– Reflex: quick auto-response processed directly by
spinal cord
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Brain Parts by Size
1. Cerebrum: voluntary, conscious activities
2. Cerebellum: coordinates muscles
3. Thalmus: gets messages from sense organs
4. Hypothalmus: hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, body temp.
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Peripheral Nervous System• Sensory Division: transmits from sense organs to
CNS
• Motor Division: transmits from CNS to muscles and glands– Somatic Division: Conscious control + reflexes– Autonomic Division: Involuntary
• Sympathetic Division: Increases function• Parasympathetic Division: Decreases function