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Chapter 3Chapter 3Facial Anatomy and Physiology

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ObjectivesObjectives• Explain the importance of anatomy and physiology of

the face and facial skin as it applies to makeupthe face and facial skin as it applies to makeup application.

• Identify the bones and muscles of the face.Identify the bones and muscles of the face.• Identify the layers of the skin and their functions.• Describe common skin conditions that a makeup p

artist would encounter.• Identify which skin conditions a makeup

li ti b f dapplication may be performed on.

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Bones of the FaceBones of the Face

• Nasal bonesNasal bones• Lacrimal bones

Z ti• Zygomaticbones

• Maxillae • Mandible

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Muscles of the FaceMuscles of the Face

• Striated muscles: voluntary including theStriated muscles: voluntary, including the muscles for smiling and winking

• Nonstriated: involuntary including the• Nonstriated: involuntary, including the eyelids when you blink

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(continued)

Muscles of the FaceMuscles of the Face

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Muscles of the Eyebrow and NoseMuscles of the Eyebrow and Nose

• Orbicularis oculiOrbicularis oculi• Corrugator

F t li• Frontalis• Procerus

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Muscles of the MouthMuscles of the Mouth

Influence the appearance and expression of the entire

• BuccinatorD l bii i f i i

• MentalisO bi l i i

face:

• Depressor labii inferioris• Levator anguli oris• Levator labii superioris

• Orbicularis oris• Risorius• TriangularisLevator labii superioris

•

Triangularis• Zygomaticus

major• Zygomaticus minor• Zygomaticus minor

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SkinSkin

• The skin is the largest organ of the humanThe skin is the largest organ of the human body.

• It acts as a natural barrier between our• It acts as a natural barrier between our bodies and the environment.Th ki i th k ti t’• The skin is the makeup artist’s canvas.

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Layers of the SkinLayers of the Skin

• The skin is composed of two layers:The skin is composed of two layers:• Epidermis (outermost and thinnest layer)• Dermis (underlying or inner layer)( y g y )

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EpidermisEpidermis

• Stratum corneum (outer layer)Stratum corneum (outer layer)• Stratum lucidum (clear, transparent layer)• Stratum granulosum (composed of cells filled• Stratum granulosum (composed of cells filled

with keratin)• Stratum spinosum (healthy skin cells begin to• Stratum spinosum (healthy skin cells begin to

harden)• Stratum germinativum (deepest layer;• Stratum germinativum (deepest layer;

contains melanocytes)

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DermisDermis

• Papillary layer (upper layer; rich in bloodPapillary layer (upper layer; rich in blood vessels and capillaries)

• Reticular layer (deeper layer; consists of• Reticular layer (deeper layer; consists of collagen and elastin)

C ll i th ki f d t th– Collagen - gives the skin form and strength– Elastin - gives the skin its flexibility and

elasticityelasticity

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Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin

• ProtectionProtection• Sensation

H t l ti• Heat regulation• Excretion• Secretion• AbsorptionAbsorption

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Conditions of the SkinConditions of the Skin

• As a makeup artist you must be preparedAs a makeup artist, you must be prepared to recognize certain common skin conditions and you must be able toconditions, and you must be able to distinguish between those that you can work on and those that must be referred towork on and those that must be referred to a physician.

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Lesions of the SkinLesions of the Skin

• Lesion: any change in the continuity of theLesion: any change in the continuity of the skin in texture, color, or shape

• Primary lesions: (lesions raised above the• Primary lesions: (lesions raised above the surface of the skin)S d l i ( il f t i l• Secondary lesions: (piles of material on the skin surface; generally the result of a

i l i )primary lesion)

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Common Sebaceous Gland DisordersCommon Sebaceous Gland Disorders

• Open Comedo: blackheadOpen Comedo: blackhead• Closed comedo: whitehead

Mili b i k ti fill d t• Milia: benign, keratin-filled cysts• Acne:acne vulgaris• Seborrheic dermatitis• RosaceaRosacea

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(continued)

Common Sebaceous Gland DisordersCommon Sebaceous Gland DisordersOpen and closed comedones Milia

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Common Sebaceous Glands DisordersCommon Sebaceous Glands DisordersAcne vulgaris Classic rosacea

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Inflammatory DisordersInflammatory Disorders

• ConjunctivisConjunctivis• Dermatitis

E• Eczema• Herpes simplex• Vesicle• ImpetigoImpetigo

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(continued)

Inflammatory DisordersInflammatory DisordersEczema Herpes Simplex I

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Pigmentation DisordersPigmentation Disorders

• HyperpigmentationHyperpigmentation• Hypopigmentation

Albi i• Albinism• Chloasma• Lentigines• Nevus• Vitiligo

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(continued)

Pigment DisordersPigment DisordersHyperpigmentation Chloasma

Vitiligog

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Skin CancerSkin Cancer

• Basal cell carcinoma: (least severe; lightBasal cell carcinoma: (least severe; light or pearly nodules)

• Squamous cell carcinoma: (scaly red• Squamous cell carcinoma: (scaly red papules or nodules)M li t l ( t i f• Malignant melanoma: (most serious form; dark patches on the skin that appear

i t t i d)uneven in texture or raised)

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(continued)

Skin CancerSkin CancerBasal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma

Malignant melanomaMalignant melanoma

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Summary and ReviewSummary and Review

1. How many bones create the structure and1. How many bones create the structure and shape of the face?

2. Explain the difference between striated and nonstriated muscles.

3. What is the name of the bone that creates th h kb ?the cheekbone?

4. List the four appendages of the skin.5 In which layer of the skin are new cells constantly5. In which layer of the skin are new cells constantly

being reproduced?

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(continued)

Summary and ReviewSummary and Review

6. Which layer of the skin contains the protein6. Which layer of the skin contains the protein structures collagen and elastin?

7. Which protein substance is responsible for providing the skin with strength and firmness?

8. List the six functions of the skin.9. Define lesion.

10. Describe the differences between the two categories of lesionstwo categories of lesions.

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(continued)

Summary and ReviewSummary and Review

11.What are benign, keratin-filled cysts appearing g , y pp gjust under the epidermis without a visible opening called?

12.Define acne vulgaris.13.Describe the characteristics of rosacea.14 Wh t t d ib d k th l14.What term describes darker than normal

pigmentation that appear as dark patches?15.What is the pigmentation disorder that is15.What is the pigmentation disorder that is

the result of hormone changes called?

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(continued)

Summary and ReviewSummary and Review

16. What is the lay term for lentigines?16. What is the lay term for lentigines?17. Name the most common and the least severe type

of skin cancer, which is often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

18. Define eczema.19. Is eczema contagious?20. Can a makeup application be performed

on a client with conjunctivitis?on a client with conjunctivitis?

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