chapter 4 bak

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Chapter-IV

ANALYS IS OF D ATA

An alysis of Data Mea n ing of I n terpretatio n

In fere nc es of data Tables Charts

4.1 Analysis of data

4.1.1 Mea n ing

Once the data are collected, they should be classified and tabulated. Then the analysis

of the data should be undertaken. At this stage, the researcher should select the tools of

analyses, which are consistent with the objectives of the study. The tendency to carry outirrelevant analysis should be avoided. For example, just because the researcher is

familiar with correlation it does not mean he should apply it wherever possible. Similarly,

he should be fully aware of the limitations of the various methods of analysis applied, so

that the results are carefully interpreted, he may select either statistical or mathematical

tools. He may use the computer aided research analysis. If a scholar prefers to avoid

quantitative tools of analysis, then he should be very strong in descriptive approach. He

should be strong in reasoning, drawing inferences and reaching conclusions

4.1.2 Defi n itio n of An alysis

y An investigation of the component parts of a whole and their relations in

making up the whole.

y A form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is

analyzed.

y The transformation of raw data into a form that will make them easy to

understand and interpret; rearranging, ordering, manipulating data to

provide descriptive information.

Once the data is collected, they should be classified and tabulated. Then the

analysis of the data should be undertaken. At this stage the researcher should


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select the tools of analyses, which are consistent with the objectives of the study.

The tendency to carry out irrelevant analysis should be avoided.

The data analysis that relies heavily on aggregation, focusing on business

information. In statistical applications, some people divide data analysis intodescriptive statistics, Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), and Confirmatory Data

Analysis (CDA). EDA focuses on discovering new features in the data and CDA

on conforming or falsifying existing hypotheses.

4.2 Meaning of Interpretation

It is often said that facts will speak for themselves. This statement implies that once

relevant acts are collected, these facts would clearly indicate the truth. But facts bythemselves cannot reveal the truth. Using these facts, if the truth is brought out then the

facts have only aided in finding out the truth. In the field of research, data collection

alone cannot ensure completion of the work. It is only one of the stages with which the

scholar pursues his research.

Hence, as it facts are available to everyone. But only a few can use these facts

meaningfully to explain any unexplained or unknown mystery. Use the available facts in

a meaningful manner is what is called Interpretation. Interpretation, in other words,

means application of logical thinking and derivation to the facts to understand and

explain the link between variables. Interpretation is a rare potential. Anybody who is

good in interpretation is successful. But to be good in interpretation, one should very

good in logical thinking and derivation.

4.2.1 Defi n itio n of I n terpretatio n

Data collection and Interpretation, Data interpretation is part of daily life for mostpeople. Interpretation is the process of making sense of numerical data that has

been collected, analyzed and presented. People interpret data when they turn on

the television and hear the news anchor reporting on a poll, when they read

advertisements claiming that one product is better than another, or when they


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choose grocery store items that claim they are more effective than other leading

brands.

Statistical methods in the broadest sense are classified into main groups namely

Des c riptive and In fere n tial statistics.

Interpretation of data is very much dependent on the type of analyses to which

the data is subjected to:-

y Availability of appropriate data

y Availability of adequate data

4.2.2 Need for i n terpretatio n

Interpretation of data is very much dependent on the type of analysis to which the data is

subjected to. Selection appropriate tools of analysis will yield useful results. But how

these results could be used to defend any theory or inferences depends on how results

are interpreted.

Interpretation is necessary because of,

The scholar will able to bring to light new relationship among variables

The interpretation can emerge as a useful source of hypothesis

Interpretations can become the guide posts for feature research and

A new insight in relationship is established among variables, which may open up

the scope for new technology or encourage innovation.


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4.1 Analysis of Data

Table 4.1.1 Table S howi ng the Ag e of Respo n de n ts

Opi n io n No . of respo n de n ts Per c e n ta g e%

18 -25 7 13 .46

26- 3 5 1 2 2 3 .07

3 6-45 1 5 3 4.6 1

45 and Above 1 5 2 8 .24

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.1 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Ag e of Respo n de n ts

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

18-2 5 26-3 5 36-4 5 45 andAbove

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of the respondents under the sample, fall under the age group 3 6-45

contributing almost 3 5% of the respondents and 65% person falling under the age of 46

and above prefers this company.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents are

between 3 6 to 45 yrs.


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Table 4.1.2 Table S howi ng the Ge n der of Respo n de n ts

Opi n io n No . of Respo n de n t Per c e n ta g e%

Male 3 5 67. 3 0

Female 1 7 3 2.70

Total 52 1 00

Figu re 4.1.2 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Ge n der of Respo n de n ts

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

M ale Female

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of Males 3 5 have shown more interest in investing in an insurance company

holding 67. 3 % and females were 1 7 only rather than males contributed in an insurance

company that is 3 2.7%.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents between

males and females, males 3 5 mean 67. 3 % are greater.


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Table 4.1.3 Table S howi ng the O ccu patio n of Respo n de n ts

Occu patio n No . of respo n de n ts Per c e n ta g e (%)

G ovt. Service 1 2 2 3 .07

Private Service 20 38 .46

Business 1 5 2 8 .8 4

Others 05 9.6 3

TOTAL 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.3 This Fi gu re S howi ng the O ccu patio n of Respo n de n ts

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

G ovt. Service PrivateService

Business Others

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of the people 38 .46% doing private service are interested for this company

whereas the government 2 3 .07%, in business 2 8 .8 4% and others 9.6 3 % are interested

in other fields. Therefore it can be said that the company has not yet convinced themdue to any reason.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded most of the respondents 38 .46% working

in private services.


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Table 4.1.4 Table S howi ng the I nc ome of Respo n de n ts

Opi n io n No . of Respo n de n t Per c e n ta g e%

Up to 2 lakhs 0 8 1 5.40

Between 2.5 lakhs 24 46. 1 5

5-7 lakhs 1 4 26.92

7 and Above 06 11 .5 3

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.4 This Fi gu re S howi ng the I nc ome of Respo n de n ts

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

U p to 2 lakhs Between 2. 5 lakhs

5 -7 lakhs 7 and Above

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of the people who are in between 2-5 lakhs 46. 1 5% have shown more interest

succeeded by the income group of 5-7 lakhs 26.92%, and up to 2 lakhs 1 5.40% or 7

and above are very less than between 2.5 lakhs.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of respondents income is

between 2-5 lakhs.


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Table 4.1.5 Table S howi ng the Aware n ess of the Compa n y

Opi n io n No . of Respo n de n ts Per c e n ta g e%

Yes 40 7 3

No 1 2 27

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.5 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Aware n ess of the Compa n y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of the total sample size 40, 7 3 % are aware of the company. There can be

various reasons for the remaining population of 1 2, 27% not knowing about the

company.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondent 7 3 % are

satisfies with the awareness of this company.


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Table 4.1.6 Table S howi ng the Obje c tive for I n vestme n t i n the Compa n y


Pension 04 7.70

Income growth 1 6 3 0.76

Tax rebate 2 3 42. 3 0

Other 1 0 1 9.24

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.6 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Obje c tive for I n vestme n t in the Compa n y

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Pension Incomegrowth

Tax rebate Other

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

As per the respondents their main objective of investment is tax rebate 2 3 , 42. 3 0% and

income growth 1 6, 3 0.76%. The objective of pension constitutes only 04, 7.7%. They

feel that this is the best benefit of this company which is utilized by them and other 1 0,1 9.24% are only for name sake.

In terpretatio n

From the data this has been concluded that Tax rebates is mostly used of the objective

for investment in the company and then income growth.


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Table 4.1.7 Table S howi ng the Ra nk ing of Compa n ies Re g ardi ng Respo n de n ts


ICICI Prudential 9 1 7. 3

HDFC Standard 1 5 2 8 .8

Bajaj Alliance 1 0 1 9.2

Kotak life insurance 5 9.6

Any other 13 25

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.7 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Ra nk ing of Compa n ies Re g ardi ng Respo n de n ts

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

ICICIPredential

HDFCStandard

Bajaj Alliance Kotak lifeinsurance

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Majority of the respondents have ranked for HDFC which holds 1 5, 2 8 .8 % and ICICI

Prudential 9, 1 7. 3 %, Bajaj Alliance 1 0, 1 9.2%, Kotak life insurance 5, 9.6%. But still

there are good competitors present in the market holding 13 , 25 %.This little differencecan come as a fear for the company.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that HDFC Standard is one the best

companys occupation in the respondents point of view.


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Table 4.1.8 Table S howi ng the I n vesti ng in this Parti cu lar Compa n y

Figu re- 4.1.8 This Fi gu re S howi ng the I n vesti ng in this Parti cu lar Compa n y


Safety 1 2 2 3 .07

Liquidity 20 38 .46

G rowth 1 5 2 8 .8 4

Other reason 05 9.6 1

Total 52 1 00

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Safety Liquidity G rowth Other reason

No.of Respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Most of the respondents have shows that 2 3 .07% respondents are investing in this

particular company for safety, 38 .46% for liquidity 2 8 .8 4% for growth and 9.6 1 % for

other reason.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the respondents are

investment in this particular company for liquidity.


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Table 4.1.9 Table S howi ng the Reaso n for I n vestme n t i n HDFC S ta n dard


Affiliation 5 9.6

Plans 3 5 67. 3

HDFC bank position 20 38 .46

Other reason 1 2 2 3 .07

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.9 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Reaso n for I n vestme n t in HDFC S ta n dard

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Affiliation Plans HDFC bankposition

Other reason

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

It is inferred from the above graph and table the main reason for investment done by the

people is the company plans. It holds 67. 3 % whereas due to other reason only 2 3 .07%

of the total sample size invests.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that a plan is one of the biggest reasons

for investment in HDFC Standard rather than other.


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Table 4.1.10 Table S howi ng the Poli c y Name


Life insurance 2 8 54

Term product 06 11 .5

Pension plan 0 8 1 5.5

Endowment 1 0 1 9.2

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.10 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Poli c y Name

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Lifeinsurance

Termproduct

Pension plan Endowment

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

The above graph and table shows that most of the people prefers to go for Life

Insurance policy of the company. They have this belief that the benefit received in this

particular policy is better than others.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that most of the responded are satisfies

with thee policy name- Life Insurance.


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Table 4.1.11 Table S howi ng the I n vested i n Childre ns Poli c y


Yes 3 7 7 1 .1 5

No 1 5 2 8 .8 4

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.11 This Fi gu re S howi ng the I n vested i n Childre ns Poli c y

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes No

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

Most of the respondents have been shows that 7 1 .1 6% respondents are interested in

children policy and 2 8 .8 4% are not interested.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been colluded that most of the respondents are interested

in the children policy.


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Table 4.1.12 Table S howi ng the Time Horizo n of I n vestme n t

Opi n io n No . of Respo n de n ts Per c e n ta g e

Up to 5 yrs 06 11 .5

5-1 0 yrs 1 4 3 0

1 0- 1 5 yrs 22 42. 3

1 5 yrs and Above 1 0 1 9.2

Total 52 1 00

Figu re- 4.1.12 This Fi gu re S howi ng the Time Horizo n of I n vestme n t

0

5

10

15

20

25

303

5

40

45

U p to 5 yrs 5 -10 yrs 1 0 -15 yrs 1 5 yrs and

Above

No. of respondents

Percentage%


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In fere nc e

This is inferred from this graph and table that the time horizon which is preferred by the

respondents is 1 0-1 5 yrs. It contributes 42. 3 5 of the total sample size.

In terpretatio n

From the above data this has been concluded that between 1 0-1 5 yrs is the best time

horizon of investment.


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4.2 Interpretation of Data

4.2.1 An alysis of Opi n io n of Respo n de n ts Re g ardi ng Obje c tive a n d O ccu patio n

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no significant relationship between occupation and the

objective for investment of the customers. Alternate Hypothesis (H1 ): There is significant

relationship between occupation and the objective for investment of the customers.

TABLE -4.2.1

Objective pension Income

G rowth

Tax Rebate others TOTAL

Occupation

G ovt.

Service

0 2 8 2 1 2

Private

service

2 5 1 0 3 20

Business 1 8 2 4 1 5

Others 1 1 2 1 5

TOTAL 4 1 6 22 1 0 52


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Comp u tatio n of Chi- Squ are Test

O E O-E (O-E) 2 (O-E) 2/E

0

2

8

2

2

5

1 0

3

1

8

2

4

1

1

2

1

0.92

3 .69

5.07

2. 3 0

1 .5 3

6. 1 5

8 .46

3 .8 4

1 .1 5

4.6 1

6. 3 4

2. 88

0. 38

1 .5 3

2. 11

0.96

-0.92

-1 .69

2.9 3

-0. 3

0.47

-1 .1 5

1 .54

-0. 8 4

-0. 1 5

3 .3 9

-4. 3 4

1 .1 2

0.62

-0.5 3

-0. 11

0.04

0. 8 464

2. 8 56 1

8 .5 8 49

0.09

0.2209

1 .3 225

2. 3 71 6

0.7056

0.0225

11 .492 1

18 .83 56

1 .2544

0. 38 44

0.2 8 09

0.0 1 21

0.00 1 6

0.92

0.774

1 .69 3

0.0 3 9

0. 1 44

0.2 1 5

0.2 8 0

0. 183

0.0 1 9

2.492

2.970

0.4 3 5

1 .0 11

0. 183

0.005

0.00 1


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Degree of freedom= (r- 1 ) (c- 1 )

= (4- 1 ) (4- 1 ) = 9

X2 table value = 1 6.9 1 9

X2 calculated value = 11 .3 7

In fere nc e

Since the calculated value of is 0.065 1 which is less than table value,

.. H 0 is accepted at 5% level.

There is no significant difference between gender and their opinion about the team

building is efficiency.

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