CHAPTER 4BEING A HEALTH CARE CONSUMER

7th grade Personal Health

Student Expectations

Identify factors that influence your consumer decisions.

Explain how to compare and choose personal products.

Describe how to keep your teeth, skin and hair healthy.

Explain how to take care of your eyes and ears.

Compare different sources of health care.

Making Consumer Choices

Essential Questions What does it mean to be a consumer?

What factors influence my decisions as a consumer?

How can I evaluate advertising messages?

You the Consumer

Anyone who buys goods and services is a consumer Goods – products made for sale. Services – useful activities that are sold

to others

It is important to be a wise consumer and make purchases based on facts about a product or service

Using Your Purchasing Power Wisely Your purchasing decisions will affect

you, your family, your friends, and even the world around you

You need to be an informed consumer Gather and evaluate the facts Make comparisons Weigh your options

Factors That May Influence Your Decisions Your Values Your Family Background Advertising Your peers The cost of a product The advice of salespeople

Media Messages

The various methods for communicating information are called Media. Mass Media are media that can reach large groups or people. Newspapers magazines Television and radio Movies Books Recordings The Internet

Understanding Advertising Methods There are two types of

advertisements Informational ads and Image Ads

Informational ads rely mainly on “facts” Infomercial is a longer TV

commercial whose main purpose appears to be to present information rather than to sell a product

Understanding Advertising Methods (continued) Image ads- advertisements that

link a desirable image to a product These ads may have endorsements from glamorous models or athletes

An endorsement is a statement of approval

Analyzing Advertisements

Ask yourself: Can this claim be true, or is it an

exaggeration? What does the best, really mean? Is

there any factual proof to back this claim up?

Is this claim based on fact, or emotional appeal?

Can any article of clothing really help me play like a pro?

Buying Personal Products

Essential Questions What factors should I consider when choosing personal products?

What information can I find by reading product labels?

How can I choose personal products wisely?

Decisions, Decisions

Choosing Wisely Does the product offer the result I’m looking

for? Is the product safe? What benefits can I realistically expect from

the product? Is the product worth the price? What sets the product apart from other,

similar products? Have I used other items made by the same

company?

Wise Buying

Quackery- is the sale of worthless products and treatments through false claims Buyer Beware

If it sounds too good to be true, it usually is

Don’t be taken in by impressive sounding words like “secret ingredients”

Beware of free samples were you have to send money in to cover shipping cost

Reading Product Labels

Products intended use Amount in container Manufactures name and address Ingredients Warnings Product name Directions for use Control number

Comparison Shopping

Comparison Shopping – means the art of comparing products, evaluating their benefits, and choosing the products that offer the best value Cost – try to shop at discount stores and

try to buy generic products Discount stores- stores that offer special

reduced pricing Generic products- goods sold in plain

packages and at lower prices than brand-name items

Comparison Shopping (continued) Features- avoid paying for features that

you don’t need. Quality – well-made products usually

outlast those that are cheaply made. A cheap product is no bargain if it falls apart.

Warranty - before you buy expensive items, ask to see if it comes with a warranty Warranty- is a company’s or store’s written

agreement to repair, replace, or refund money for products that do not work properly

Caring for Your Teeth, Skin, and Hair Essential Questions:How can I keep my teeth healthy?

How should I clean and protect my skin?

How do I care for my hair?

Healthy Teeth

Clean healthy teeth add to your smile but also enable you to chew food and speak clearly. Caring for your teeth

Brush your teeth at least twice a day Choose a toothpaste that contains Fluoride Fluoride –a substance that helps teeth

resist decay Use dental floss – Floss once a day Cut down on sugar See your dentist regularly – Twice a year

for cleaning

The Parts of a Tooth

Crown- is the part of the tooth you can see Neck – is the part between the crown and the

root Root – is the part that holds the tooth in place

in the gum Enamel – is the hard outer layer that covers

the crown Dentin- bonelike material surrounding the

pulp Pulp – is soft, sensitive tissue containing

nerves and blood vessels

Healthy Skin

Your skin is your largest organ Functions of your Skin

Waterproofing Sensation – gives you information

about temperature and touch Temperature control Vitamin D formation Protection – first line of defense

against germs

Skin: The Inside Story

Your skin is composed of two main layers

Epidermis- is the outermost layer of skin.

New cells in the epidermis continuously replace old cells

Cells in the Epidermis makes melanin – the substance that gives your skin its color

Skin: The Inside Story (continued) Beneath the epidermis is the Dermis Dermis- the skins inner layer that

contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and hair follicles

The dermis contains two types of glands Sweat glands- these glands let

perspiration escape through pores – tiny openings in the skin

Oil Glands

Caring for Your Skin

Keep Clean – take a bath or shower daily

Bacteria mixing with perspiration can cause an unpleasant odor Use deodorant or antiperspirant to help combat body odor

Caring for Your Skin (continued) Take care of Yourself

Eat a healthy diet, exercise, and get plenty of rest

Guard against the sun Stay out of the sun between

(10:00am -3:00p.m. Choose a lotion with a sun protection

factor (SPF) of 15 or higher

Skin (continued)

Acne- a skin condition that occurs when pores become clogged due to overly active oil glands Gently wash the infected areas at least

twice a day Avoid touching the infected area If the problem is severe, you may want

to visit a dermatologist Dermatologist – a doctor who treats the

skin and it’s diseases

Caring For Your Hair

Daily brushing keeps your hair healthy by removing dirt

Wash your hair regularly (at least twice a week)

Dandruff – is flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the scalp this condition is usually caused by dry

skin

Caring For Your Eyes and Ears Essential Questions

How can I keep my eyes Healthy? What should I know about wearing

glasses or contacts? How can I protect my ears from loud

noises? What are the different parts of the eye? What are the three parts of the ear?

How Your Eyes Work

Cornea – is the clear section that lets in light at the front of the eye

Iris – is the colored part of the eye. It controls the size of the pupil.

Pupil – is a dark opening in the center of the iris. It becomes larger in dim light, and smaller in bright light

Lens – focuses light on the retina

Parts of the eye (continued) Retina- is the light-sensing part of

the inner eye Optic nerve –is a bundle of nerve

fibers that send messages to the brain, which interprets them

Sclera – is the white part of the eye. It covers and protects the whole eye, except for the front

Caring for Your Eyes

Read in well lit rooms Avoid having too much light. Sit at least 6

feet from the TV Never touch your eyes with your hands Protect your eyes from injury ( wear glasses

or goggles when using power tools) Have your eyes examined regularly by an

Optometrist – Eye doctor Once a year if you wear glasses or contacts Every two years if you do not wear glasses or

contacts

The Eye

Ophthalmologist – is a physician who specializes in the structure, functions, and disease of the eye

Problems with Vision Glaucoma- a disease in which fluid builds

up in the eye, causing pressure that can destroy the optic nerve

Astigmatism – is an eye condition in which the shape of the lens or cornea causes blurry vision

Problems with Vision (continued) Farsighted- individuals can see

objects from a distance clearly buy have difficulty focusing on objects that are close

Nearsighted – Individuals can see objects that are close, but have trouble focusing on distant objects

How Your Ear works

The outer ear is shaped like a cup to collect sounds waves

Sound waves are vibrations in the air In the middle ear, these sound waves

make the eardrum vibrate. These vibrations move three tiny bones called the hammer, anvil, and the stirrup. These bones carry the sound waves to the Oval Window.

How the Ear Works (continued) The inner ear - the oval window

causes the fluid in the cochlea to move. Tiny hairs in the cochlea vibrate in response, sending messages to the auditory nerve

Auditory Nerve- sends messages from the cochlea to the brain

Caring For Your Ears

Protect your ears from loud sounds The unit for measuring the

loudness of sound waves is the decibel Normal conversation is around

60 decibels Sounds over 125 are loud

enough to be painful

How to Protect Your Ears

Keep volume fairly low Wear ear plugs if you are going to be exposed to loud, prolonged noise

Clean the outside of your ear with a wet wash cloth

Health Care Providers

What kinds of health care workers can help me stay well?

Where can I find help if I become ill or injured?

Why is health insurance important?

General and Specialized Care Primary Care Providers – are

the doctors and other health professionals who provide checkups and general care

Specialist- is a doctor trained to treat particular types of patients or health matters

Types of Specialist

Allergist- treats asthma, hay fever, and other allergies

Cardiologist – treats the heart, its function, and its diseases

Orthodontist – treats irregularities of the teeth and jaw

Orthopedist – specializes in treating the bones, joints, and muscles and their injuries and diseases

Types of Specialist (continued) Pediatrician – treats infants and children

Psychiatrist – treats mental and emotional problems

Urologist – Specializes in the urinary system and its diseases

Health Care Facilities

Birthing centers – alternative to hospitals for giving birth

Nursing Homes – take care of sick, disabled, and elderly people who require special care

Drug treatment centers – offer help to people with drug related problems

Rehabilitation centers- aid people who need special help to recover from serious illness or injury

Hospices – provides care and support to terminally ill patients

Paying for Health Care

To pay for health care, many people buy health insurance

Health insurance – a plan in which people pay a set fee to an insurance company in return for the company’s agreement to pay for some or most medical cost

Paying for Health Care (continued) Government programs

Medicare – provides health insurance to people who are 65 years old or over

Medicaid – is a public health insurance program for low-income families and individuals