chapter 4 biology form 4

8/13/2019 Chapter 4 Biology Form 4

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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Chemical Composition of the Cell

Concept Map

4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell

Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell


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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4

Concept Map

Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.

Chemical Composition of the Cells

Inorganic

compounds

Organic

compounds

Chemical compounds Elements

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Enzymes



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Chapter

4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell


Lipids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Vitamins

Nucleic acids

Organic Compounds

(contain carbon)

Living organisms

Inorganic Compounds

(do not contain carbon)

Water

Carbohydrates

Acids Bases

Mineral salts

Non-living organisms


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Chapter

4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell

in the Chemical Compounds compounds

Carbon, oxygen,

hydrogen, nitrogen,

phosphorus, sulphur

Proteins

Carbon, oxygen,

hydrogen

Carbohydrates

Carbon, oxygen,

hydrogen

Lipids

Hydrogen, oxygen Water

Carbon, oxygen,

hydrogen, phosphorus,

nitrogen

Nucleic acids



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compoundsof mineral ions (Elements)

Mg2+ Act as a cofactor for someenzymes

Ca2+

Mg2+ is required for the

synthesis of chlorophyll

Formation of strong bones

and teeth

Na2+ Regulates osmotic pressurein cells

CI To maintain pH in the

stomach

Helps in the transmission of

nerve impulses and muscle

contractions

K+



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compoundsof mineral ions

Fe2+ Synthesis of red blood cells

Synthesis of chlorophyll

Components of macro

molecules

SO24

PO3

4

NO

3



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Carbohydrates Starch is the main energy store of carbohydrates

in plant cells

Glycogen is the main energy store ofcarbohydrates in animal tissues

Primary source of energy

Chapter


Proteins

Structure: basic units are amino acids

Synthesis of enzymes, hormones, antibodies

and haemoglobin

Synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells to

transport oxygen

Build new cells and renew damaged tissues



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Lipids Fats and oil are important sources of energy

The layer of adipose tissue insulates the

bodies of animals against cold temperatures

Solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K

Protect major organs of the body by lining with

adipose tissue

Phospholipids are the main constituent of the

plasma membrane

Forms complex molecule structure such assteroids

Wax prevents water loss in plants and

infection by pathogens


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Nucleic acids Basic units are nucleotides, which storegenetic information in codes

Two types of nucleic acids :

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Messenger RNA carries DNAs genetic code

into the cytoplasm

DNA passes genetic information from

one generation to another



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O

H

H

Water molecule (two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom)



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Maintaining osmotic balance and turgidity

Medium for biochemical reactions

Lubricant

Maintaining body temperature

Solvent

High surface tension and cohesion

Support (structure of cells)

Transport medium


chapter 4 biology form 4

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