chapter 4 : calculation of gaseous and … 4 : calculation of gaseous and particulate emissions 1...

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4) Page 427 CHAPTER 4 : CALCULATION OF GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE EMISSIONS 1 Calculation : 1.1 The Final reported test results of the gaseous emissions are derived through the following steps 1.1.1 The exhaust gas mass flow rate G EXH or V' and V" EXH shall determined (see paragraph 4.2 of chapter 3) for each mode. 1.1.2 When applying G EXH the measured concentrations are converted to a wet basis according to paragraph 1.1.2.1 below, if not already measured on wet basis. 1.1.2.1 Exhaust gas concentration measured on a dry basis are converted to a wet basis, which represents the condition in the exhaust , according to following relationship: 1.1.2.1.1 In case of C.I. engines: ppm(wet basis )= ppm(dry basis)* (1-1.85 G FUEL /G AIR ) where : G FUEL is the fuel flow (kg/h) G AIR is the air flow (kg/h) …..(dry air) 1.1.2.1.2 In the case of NG Engines: ppm(wet basis ) = ppm (dry basis) * (1-3.15G FUEL /G AIR ) where: G FUEL is the fuel flow (kg/h) G AIR is the air flow (kg/h) 1.1.2.1.3 In the case of LPG fueled Engines: ppm(wet basis ) = ppm (dry basis) * (1-2.40G FUEL /G AIR )

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Page 1: CHAPTER 4 : CALCULATION OF GASEOUS AND … 4 : calculation of gaseous and particulate emissions 1 calculation : ... 9 0.02 10 0.02 11 0.02 12 0.02 13 0.25/3

MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 427 

CHAPTER 4 : CALCULATION OF GASEOUS AND PARTICULATE EMISSIONS 1 Calculation :

1.1 The Final reported test results of the gaseous emissions are derived through the

following steps 1.1.1 The exhaust gas mass flow rate GEXH or V' and V"EXH shall determined (see

paragraph 4.2 of chapter 3) for each mode. 1.1.2 When applying GEXH the measured concentrations are converted to a wet basis

according to paragraph 1.1.2.1 below, if not already measured on wet basis. 1.1.2.1 Exhaust gas concentration measured on a dry basis are converted to a wet basis,

which represents the condition in the exhaust , according to following relationship:

1.1.2.1.1 In case of C.I. engines:

ppm(wet basis )= ppm(dry basis)* (1-1.85 GFUEL/GAIR) where :

GFUEL is the fuel flow (kg/h)

GAIR is the air flow (kg/h) …..(dry air) 1.1.2.1.2 In the case of NG Engines:

ppm(wet basis ) = ppm (dry basis) * (1-3.15GFUEL/GAIR)

where: GFUEL is the fuel flow (kg/h) GAIR is the air flow (kg/h) 1.1.2.1.3 In the case of LPG fueled Engines: ppm(wet basis ) = ppm (dry basis) * (1-2.40GFUEL/GAIR)

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 428 

where: GFUEL is the fuel flow (kg/h)

GAIR is the air flow (kg/h) ….. (dry air)

1.1.2.2 The NOx concentration shall be corrected for humidity according to paragraph below for C.I. engines, CNG engines and LPG engines

NOx Correction factor : The value of the oxides of nitrogen shall be multiplied by the following humidity correction factor.

where:

T= temperature of the air in K GFUEL GAIR = Fuel air ratio (dry air basis) H = humidity of the inlet air in grams of water per kilogram of dry air in which : H = (6.211 * Ra * Pd) / ( Pa – (Pd * Ra * 10-2))

Where

Ra = Relative humidity of the ambient air expressed in % Pd=Saturation vapour pressure at ambient temperature expressed in kPa Pa = Atmospheric pressure expressed in kPa

)302(8.1*)757(11

−+−+ TBHA

0053.0116.0 +−=AIR

FUEL

GG

B

0038.0044.0 −=AIR

FUEL

GG

A

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 429 

1.1.2.3 The pollutant mass flow (gm/hr) for each mode shall be calculated as follows (Only C.I. engines )

(1) NOx mass = 0.001587 * NOxconc * GEXH (2) COmass = 0.000966 * COconc * GEXH (3) HCmass = 0.000478 * HCconc * GEXH

or:

(1) NOx mass = 0.00205 * NOx conc* V'EXH (2) NOx mass = 0.00205 * NOx conc * V" EXH (3) CO mass = 0.00125 * CO conc * V'EXH (4) HCmass = 0.000618 * HCconc * V"EXH

1.1.2.4 The pollutant mass flow (gm/hr) for NG engine and for mode,assuming the density of exhaust gas equal to 1.249 kg/m3, shall be calculated as follows:

(1) NOx mass = 0.001641 * NOx concW * GEXH (2) CO mass = 0.001001 * CO concW * GEXH (3) HC mass = 0.000563 * HC concW * GEXH or (1) NOx mass = 0.00205 * NOx concD* V'EXH (2) COx mass = 0.00125 * CO concD * V'EXH (3) HC mass = 0.000703 * HcconcD * V'EXH

For HC (CH 3.76), the concentration shall be expressed in carbon equivalent (i.e. equivalent propane * 3).

1.1.2.5 The pollutant mass flow (gm/hr) for LPG- fuelled engine and for mode, shall be calculated as follows:

(1) NOx mass = 0.001587 * NOx conc * GEXH (2) CO mass = 0.000966 * CO conc * GEXH (3) HC mass = 0.000505 * HC conc * GEXH

Or:

(1) NOx mass = 0.00205 * NOx conc* V'EXH (2) NOx mass = 0.00205 * NOx conc * V" EXH (3) CO mass = 0.00125 * CO conc * V'EXH (4) HC mass = 0.000653 * HCconc * V"EXH

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 430 

1.1.2.6 The emission shall be calculated in the following way :

where: Pi are measured values. 1.1.2.7 The weighting factors used in the above calculation are according to the

following table: 1.1.2.7.1 For Automotive Engines (13 – Mode Cycle)

Mode Number Weighting Factor(WF) 1 0.25/3 2 0.08 3 0.08 4 0.08 5 0.08 6 0.25 7 0.25/3 8 0.10 9 0.02 10 0.02 11 0.02 12 0.02 13 0.25/3

1.1.2.7.2 For Agricultural Tractor Engines (8 – Mode Cycle) and construction

equipment vehicles (variable speed).

( ) iiauxi

imass

WFPPWFiHC

HC*

*

,

.

∑∑

−=

( ) WFiPPWFiNOx

NOiauxi

imassx

**

,

.

∑∑

−=

( ) iiauxi

imass

WFPPWFiCO

CO*

*

,

.

∑∑

−=

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 431 

Mode Number

Engine Speed Percent Load Weighting Factor

1 Rated 100 0.15 2 Rated 75 0.15 3 Rated 50 0.15 4 Rated 10 0.1 5 Intermediate 100 0.1 6 Intermediate 75 0.1 7 Intermediate 50 0.1 8 Idle --- 0.15

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 432 

1.1.2.7.3 For Construction Equipment Vehicle (Constant Speed) Engines (5 – Mode

Cycle)

Mode Number

Engine Speed Percent Load Weighting Factor

1 Rated 100 0.05 2 Rated 75 0.25 3 Rated 50 0.30 4 Rated 25 0.30 5 Rated 10 0.10

1.1.3 The particulate emissions are calculated in the following way. The generalequations in this paragraph apply to both full-flow- dilution and partial-flow dilutionsystems:

where : WF = as in paragraph 1.1.2.5 above 1.1.3.1 The particulate mass flow rate (gm/hr) is calculated as follows :

or:

1.1.3.2 GEDF, V"EDF, MSAM and VSAM over the test cycle are determined by

summation of the average values of the individual modes : ∋EDF = ΣG EDF,i * WFi 6"EDF = Σ V"EDF,i * WFi MSAM= ΣM SAM,i

( ) iiauxi

mass

WFPPPT

PT*,∑ −

=

1000**

SAM

EDFfmass M

GPPT =

1000**

SAM

EDFfmass V

VPPT =

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 433 

VSAM=ΣV SAM,i 1.1.3.3 The effective wieghting factor WFE for each mode is calculated in the

following way:

Or: The value of the effective weighting factors must be within + 0.003 of the weighting factors listed in paragraph 1.1.2.7.

1.1.3.4 The final reported test results of the particulate emission are derived

through the following steps, when using the full-flow –dilution system (Chapter 5, system 2).

1.1.3.4.1 The diluted exhaust gas volume flow rate V"TOT over all modes is

determined

V"TOT,i corresponds to V"EDF,i in the general equations in paragraph 1.1.3.2.

1.1.3.4.2 When using single –dilution system ,MSAM is the mass through the sampling filters(GF 1 in Chapter 5,system 2).

1.1.3.4.3 When using a double dilution system, MSAM is the mass through the sampling filters(GF 1 in Chapter 5, system 2) minus the mass of the secondary dilution air(GF 2 in Chapter 5,system 2)

1.1.4 The final reported test results of the particulate emission shall be derive

through the following steps ,when using the partial-flow-dilution-system (Chapter 5, System 3).Since various types of dilution rate control may be used ,different calculation methods for GEDF or V"EDF apply.All calculations are based upon the average values of the individual modes during the sampling period.

1.1.4.1 Fractional Sampling Type with Isokinetic Probe

iEDFSAM

EDFiSAMiE GM

GMWF

,**,

, =

iSAM

EDFiSAMiE VV

VMWF

I EDF

,, "*

"*=

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 434 

GEDF,i = GEXH,i*qi Or: V"EDF,i=V"EXH,i *qi

Or:

where 'r' corresponds to the ratio of the cross sectional areas of the isokinetic probe and the exhaust pipe :

1.1.4.2 Fractional sampling type with CO2 or NOx Measurement GEDF,i = GEXH,i * qi Or: V"EDF, i = V"EXH,i * qi Conc E,i-Conc A,i qi = Conc D,i – Conc A, i Where :

ConcE = concentration of the raw exhaust

Conc = Concentration of the diluted exhaust ConcA= concentration of the dilution air

Concentrations measured on dry basis are converted to a wet basis according to paragraph 1.1.2.1

1.1.4.3 Total Sampling type with CO2 measurement and Carbon Balance Method

(C.I. engines) Or:

rGrGG

qiiEXH

iEXHiDIL

*)*(

,

,, +=

T

p

AA

r =

iAiD

iFUELiEDF COCO

GG

,2,2

,,

*206−

=

rVrVV

qiiEXH

iEXHiDIL

*")*"("

,

,, +=

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MoRTH / CMVR / TAP-115/116 (Issue 4)  Page 435 

(LPG Fuelled engines)

Or:

iAiD

iFUELiEDF COCO

GG

,2,2

,,

*171−

=

(NG Fuelled engines)

where : CO2D = CO2 concentration of the diluted exhaust gases CO2A = CO2 concentration of the dilution air

(Concentration is vol % on wet basis) The equations are based upon the carbon balance assumption (carbon atoms

supplied to the engine are emitted as CO2) and derived through the following steps ; GEDF,i = GEXH,i * qi

1.1.4.4 Total Sampling Type with Mass Flow Control GEDF,i = GEXH,i * qi

iAiD

iFUELiEDF COCO

GG

,2,2

,,

*195−

=

)(**206

,2,2,

,

iAiDiEXH

iFUEL

COCOGG

qi−

=

)( ,,

,

iDILiTOT

iTOT

GGG

qi−

=