Chapter 4Chapter 4

Class, Race and GenderClass, Race and Gender

DiscriminationDiscrimination 1) Discrimination is when an employer provides 1) Discrimination is when an employer provides

unequal opportunities to protected groups.unequal opportunities to protected groups. For example, study of racial discrimination that shows For example, study of racial discrimination that shows

white ex con are called back 17% of the time, but white ex con are called back 17% of the time, but crime-free black applicants only 14%. Yet, white crime-free black applicants only 14%. Yet, white people, when surveyed, donpeople, when surveyed, don’’t believe that racial disc. t believe that racial disc. Exists.Exists.

2) In this country, discrimination is illegal 2) In this country, discrimination is illegal against….against….

But protected against which group?But protected against which group?

DiscriminationDiscrimination

3) Discrimination comes in three types:3) Discrimination comes in three types:

HiringHiring PromotionPromotion WagesWages

4) Discrimination is difficult to prevent4) Discrimination is difficult to prevent

• It is hard to prove – It is legal to make it difficultIt is hard to prove – It is legal to make it difficult

• The government does not provide enough resources to ensure The government does not provide enough resources to ensure non discriminationnon discrimination

Discrimination and InequalityDiscrimination and Inequality

5) Causes for Hiring Discrimination and 5) Causes for Hiring Discrimination and InequalityInequality (when employers refuse to hire certain groups for (when employers refuse to hire certain groups for

certain jobs)certain jobs) A) Statistical discriminationA) Statistical discrimination B) Gender/Race typingB) Gender/Race typing C) Job Sex/Race SegregationC) Job Sex/Race Segregation D) NetworksD) Networks E) Homosocial ReproductionE) Homosocial Reproduction

Discrimination and InequalityDiscrimination and Inequality 6) Causes for Pay and Promotion Discrimination 6) Causes for Pay and Promotion Discrimination

and Inequalityand Inequality

A) TokenismA) Tokenism B) HRB) HR C) NetworkingC) Networking D) Glass Ceiling and Sticky FloorD) Glass Ceiling and Sticky Floor E) Sexual HarassmentE) Sexual Harassment

• Quid pro quoQuid pro quo• Hostile Working EnvironmentHostile Working Environment

F) Racial HarassmentF) Racial Harassment G) Comparable Worth DiscriminationG) Comparable Worth Discrimination

Solutions to Discrimination and Solutions to Discrimination and InequalityInequality

1) Solutions to:1) Solutions to:• Statistical discriminationStatistical discrimination• Gender/race typingGender/race typing• Job sex/race segregationJob sex/race segregation• Homosocial reproductionHomosocial reproduction• NetworkingNetworking

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action• What is AA: Executive Order. Only effects businesses accepting money What is AA: Executive Order. Only effects businesses accepting money

from the government.from the government.• DoesnDoesn’’t require quotast require quotas

Two biggest complaints about AA:Two biggest complaints about AA: Reverse Discrimination – This assumes that: every job is filled by Reverse Discrimination – This assumes that: every job is filled by

qualified white men; tests measure qualification; hiring is an objective qualified white men; tests measure qualification; hiring is an objective process in which we know who is BEST.process in which we know who is BEST.

Preferential Treatment -- This assumes that preferential treatment Preferential Treatment -- This assumes that preferential treatment benefiting white men does not exist. Is this true? In colleges, there is benefiting white men does not exist. Is this true? In colleges, there is preferential treatment towards alumnis.preferential treatment towards alumnis.