chapter 4 objectives

8/2/2019 Chapter 4 Objectives

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ADULTHOODObjectives 25-33

Daniel Lee

Lucas ChungRicky Mejia

Bryant Rodriguez

Magaly Mendez

Ruktawan Yuttawongs

Christopher Marroquin


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Physical Activities and Aging Viewpoints

Physical activities in early and middle

adulthood is not constrained by agebut perception.

Societys views on aging determine

the reaction to aging.

Ex. Eastern cultures respect and

power come with age in Western

culture we try to preserve youth as

best we can.


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Menopause

The ending of a womans menstrual

cycle around the age of 50.

Usually doesnt cause psychological

damage like portrayed in media

When asked if women feel better

than they have in years one-fourth ofpremenopausal said yes but two-

thirds of those who experiences

menopause said yes.

Perception is reality


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Men and Menopause?

Men do not experience a direct

form of male menopause but

with age experience decline in

sperm count, testosterone

levels, and speed of erectionand ejaculation

If testosterone drops too fast or

far possible side effects are

depression, irritability,

insomnia, impotence, orweakness. Treatment with

testosterone is available.


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Physical Changes in Later Life

Life expectancy is the age a

person is expected to live. It can

range from just 33 in Swaziland

to 84 years in Andorra.

Sensory abilities can declinerapidly in late adulthood.

Muscle strength, reaction time,

stamina and vision and hearing

all decline in strength.

For example, a 20 year old cansee 3 times better than a 65

year old.


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Health and Old Age

There is both good news and

bad news about growing old, in

terms of health.

Older people tend to be moreprone to illnesses such as

cancer and pneumonia, but

they also tend to suffer from

colds and flus, less often than

younger people due to their life-long accumulation of

antibodies.


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Dementia and Alzheimers

Many old-age adults suffer fromdementia, which is mentalerosion, or the loss of braincells.

Alzheimers disease is a brain

disorder that is characterized bythe gradual deterioration ofmemory, reasoning, andlanguage.

This disorder is caused by the

decline in the productivity ofacetylcholine, the lack of which,can impair memory andthinking.


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Aging & Memory

Memory tends to decrease with age, but studies have found that weremember events in our teens and twenties more than any other events.

Forgetting also tends to depend on the type of information you are trying

to remember.

Young people tend to be better at recall tests, while there is no difference

between younger and older people in recognition tests.

It has also been found that prospective memory (remember to..) stays

strong in old age, while time-based memory

(remember the meeting at 3PM) is somewhat challenging for older

people.


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Aging and Intelligence

Cross-Sectional Studies is a study in which people of different ages are compared with

one another. Researchers consistently find that older adults give fewer correct

answers than do younger adults. This shows that intelligence slowly declines after

young adulthood. (You cant teach an old dog new tricks)

Longitudinal studyis the research in which the same people are restudied and

retested over a long period. After retesting the same people over a period of years,they found that until late in life, intelligence remained stable. Compared with the

cross-sectional studies, we found that cross-sectional studies compares two different

eras where learning situations might have been different.

Researchers came up with two views.

Crystallized intelligence, one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skill, tends to growwith age, such as earning more Ph.D's and public speaking (congressmen, president,

etc.).

Fluid intelligence, one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly, tends to decrease

during late adulthood (losing recall memory and processing speed).


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The Midlife Transition is the crisis; a struggle time period where most peopleexperience at the age of forties.

The crisis does not have to follow tightly to ones chronological age. Unpleasentful events can occur at any random age in ones life time.

Examples of the midlife crisis includes:-Losing jobs-Financial problems

-Divorce

The social clockis the idea of events that can occur at the right time.Examples of the social clock includes:

-The right time to find job-The right time to get marry and have kids-The right tiem to retire.

Adulthood Ages and Stages


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Adulthoods Commitments

According to Erikson, the two basic tasks of adulthood are achievingintimacyand generativity

Freud believed the healthy adult is one who can love and work.

Evolutionary psychologists believe that because commitment hadsurvival value for our ancestors, parents who stay together, cooperate,

and raise children to a child bearing age have a better chance ofpassing along these genes of posterity

Settling into a career path is time consuming but satisfying workalsocorrelates with life satisfaction.

Human societies have nearly always included a relatively monogamousbond.

Marriage couples usually last longer when the couples marry after theage of 20 and are well educated.

Couples who live together before marrying have a higher divorce ratethan those who do not.


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Adulthoods Commitments cont.

Of those who divorce, 75% eventually remarry. Marriage is a predictor of happiness, sexual satisfaction, health, and income. Lesbian couples report greater well being than singles.

As chidren get older and demand more time and energy, satisfaction with themarriage itself decreases, particularly among employed women

For most couples, the childrens leaving home produces an increase satisfactions.

Reasearch studies of women who are not employed have found that a womens

satisfaction in life depends on the quality of her experiene in her lifes role.


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Well-Being Across the Life Span

People at all ages shows stability in feelings of happiness and satisfication.

Teenagers typically come dow from elation or up from gloomy in less than an hour.

For most people, old age offers less intense joy but greater contentment andincreased spirituality.

Through life spand, the feelings of happiness stay stable at the average level ofsatisfications.


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Death and Dying

Usually, the separation from a

spouse is the hardest to recover

from.

This is especially true when death

comes too soon and unexpectedly,

but grieving is shorter lived when

death occurs late as is expected.

The range of reactions to a loved

ones death is wider and varies by

culture.

Some cultures encourage publicweeping and wailing

Many others prefer to hide grief.


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Death and Dying cont.

Those who express the strongest grief immediately do not purge their griefmore quickly

For most, therapy and self-help groups do not enhance the healing powerof time and friends.

Grieving spouses who talk to others often or receive counseling adjust nobetter than those who grieve privately

Terminally ill and bereaved people do not go through predictable stages,such as denial, anger, and so forth.

Given similar loses, some people greivehard and long, other more lightlyand briefly.


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Do we go through gradual, cumulative growth?

Or do we differ as a butterfly differs from a

caterpillar-a difference of distinct stages?

Those who emphasize learning and experience believe in

a slow, continuous shaping process

Those who emphasize biological maturation believe in asequence of genetically predisposed stages or steps.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


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Although research casts doubt on the idea that

life proceeds through neatly defined, age-linked

stages, the concept of stage remains useful. The

human brain does experience growth spurts

during childhood and puberty that correspond

roughly to Piaget's stages.

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