chapter – 4 occupational...
TRANSCRIPT
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
In this chapter the existing economic base of
the District based on the occupational structure of
the District as per census 2001 is studied. The
change that has happened in the economic base of
the district over a period of time is also probed
into.
4.1 WORK FORCE OF THE DISTRICT
Population, workforce and employment are
closely interrelated and change in the size, com-
position and distribution of population will alter
the structure of the labour force. In turn, a change
in the size of the labour force, level of employ-
ment and job opportunities will affect components
of population change, particularly fertility and migra-
tion.
The work participation rate of Kerala is 32% as
per 2001 census. As per census 2001, the work partici-
Chapter – 4OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Fig 4.1: Work Participation of Thrissur District
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.2: Work Participation Rate –comparison with surrounding Districts
Sour
ce:
Cen
sus
2001
pation rate of Idukki district is maximum (43%) and
Malappuram district has the lowest work participation
rate (24%). The work participation rate of Thrissur Dis-
trict is equals to that of the state (ie32%) in 2001 (Fig
4.1). That means, out of the total population of 29.74
lakhs, 9.55 lakhs are workers.
In comparison with surrounding districts, WPR
of Thrissur district is greater than that of Malappuram &
less than that of Ernakulam and Palakkad District. (Fig
4.2.)
When the WPR of urban areas are compared, WPR
of Thrissur district (32%) is greater than that of
Malappuram & less than that of Ernakulam and Palakkad
district. (fig 4.3.)
51
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.3: WPR of Urban Areas –comparison with surrounding Districts
The total workers are further divided in to the
main and marginal workers. Main workers constitute
27 % of the total population and marginal workers con-
stitute 5 % of the total population. This is shown in fig
4.4. Out of the total workers in Thrissur district, 25% are
female workers.
The change in the number of total workers and
main workers during 1981-2001 is shown in fig 4.5
and table 4.1. The graph shows that, though the total
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.4 Main & Marginal Workers
workers are gradually increasing over last three decades
(from 1981 to 2001), the rate of increase in the number
of main workers shows slightly decreasing trend in be-
tween 1991 and 2001 when compared to 1981-1991
trend, indicating a dim picture about the current eco-
nomic base of the District. The number of total workers
of the district shows increase in figures during 1991-
2001, the growth rate of workers during this period is
9.2% which is above the growth rate of total population
of 8.66% of the same period. This indicates that the
opportunity of working is increasing in proportion to
the growth of population.
Fig 4.5: Temporal variation of total workers and total main workers 1981-2001
Source: Census 2001
52
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Table 4.1: Total Workers and Main workers 1981-2001
1981 1991 2001
Total workers 722,784 874,806 955,300
Total Main workers 648,825 804,738 808,965
Source: Census 2001
4.2 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The nine fold classification of workers of Thrissur
district in 1991 is shown in Fig 4.6. From the figure it is
clear that 23% of workers were agricultural labourers
and 20% workers were engaged in other services. For
the purpose of analysis the classification into primary,
secondary and tertiary sector (Fig 4.7). Primary sector
includes agriculture labourers, Cultivators and Live-
stock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, Plantation, Orchards
Fig 4.6: Nine fold classification of workers – 1991 census
Source: Census 2001
and Allied activities & mining and quarrying. Second-
ary sector includes Manufacturing, Processing, Servic-
ing and repairs in Household industries and other than
household industries. And finally tertiary sector in-
cludes Trade and commerce, Transport, storage and
Communications & other services. As per the above
grouping 39% workers were engaged in primary sector,
19% of workers were engaged in secondary sector and
42% of workers were engaged in tertiary sector. (See
Fig. 4.7)
53
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.7: Worker Classification – 1991 census
Source: Census 2001
Table 4.2: Four fold classification of workers - 2001, Thrissur District
Cultivators Agricultural HH Industrial Workers Other WorkersLabourers
50,692 108907 48850 746851
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.8: Classification of workers - 2001 census
Source: Census 2001
However in 2001 census, a four-fold classifica-
tion of workers are only available.
Occupational structure of Thrissur district as per
2001 census is shown in Figure 4.8 and Table 4.2.
54
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
A comparison of the occupational structure of
districts surrounding Thrissur District is shown in Fig-
ure 4.9.
Fig 4.9: Occupational structure of the surrounding districts - 2001
Source: Census 2001
The percentage of the agriculture labourers and
cultivators together constitute 43%, 24%, 17%, 13% of
the total workers in Palakkad, Malappuram, Thrissur and
Ernakulam districts respectively ( Fig 4.8 and 4.9). The
total percentage of agricultural labourers and cultiva-
tors of Thrissur District is third among the neighboring
districts. But the total percentage of house hold indus-
trial workers of Thrissur District is the highest among
the neighboring districts.
The cultivators and agricultural labourers consti-
tute only 17 % of the total workers whereas major share
of workers (78%) belongs to the other workers category
(See fig 4.8). Other workers category 2001 census will
include some of the primary workers like fishermen,
workers engaged in mining and plantation works. As-
suming that 20 % of the other workers category belong
to such workers, the remaining 58 % of the total work-
ers engage in secondary / tertiary activity. More or less
similar pattern exists with the respect to workers clas-
sification in remaining districts of the state also. This is
in contrast against the national figures where more
than 60% of the total workers engage in primary activ-
55
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
ity. This is a clear indication of the rural areas being less
rural in Thrissur District as well as in the state.
4.3 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE - VARIATION INURBAN AND RURAL AREAS OF THRISSUR DISTRICT
The Table 4.3 shows the urban - rural break up of
four-fold category of workers in the District. This is de-
picted in pie diagram in Figure 4.10.
Cultivators Agricultural HH Industrial Other Total
Labourers Workers Workers Workers
Persons % Persons % Persons % Persons % Persons %
Urban 3395 1 9872 4 12920 5 241478 90 267665 100
Rural 47297 7 99035 14 35930 5 505373 74 687635 100
Table 4.3: Workers Classification – Urban and Rural Break up
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.10: Classification of total workers in urban & rural areas of Thrissur District - 2001
Source: Census 2001
The above table shows that the share of cultiva-
tors and agricultural labourers, in the work force is 5%
and 21% respectively in urban areas and rural areas.
The household industrial workers share is the same at
5% in both the urban and rural areas. This indicates that
as far as the workers classification is considered, all
most all the workers (90%) in urban area belonging to
tertiary sector for their lively hood. Household indus-
trial sector share in both urban and rural areas is found
to be approximately equal. However the above data
clearly points out that both in urban and rural area,
atleast 2/3rd of the population depends on non agricul-
tural pursuits.
4.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE – ESTIMATION OFNINE FOLD CLASSIFICATION OF 2001
Due to the differences in classification of work-
ers in 1991 and 2001, the four fold classification of 2001,
is rearranged to nine categories of workers to facilitate
comparison and analyse of shifts in sectoral composi-
56
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
tion of workers.
Based on the total number of workers and work
participation rate, the nine fold classification in 2001 is
estimated and it is shown in Fig. 4.11.
Fig 4.11: Nine fold classification of workers(Estimated) – 2001 census
Source: Census 2001
Through the comparison of 9 fold classification
of 1991 and estimated 9 fold classification in 2001 it can
be seen that work force in H.H. Industries other than
H.H. Industries, Trade and Commerce, Transport stor-
age and communication and others show an increasing
trend where as cultivators and agricultural labourers Fig 4.12: Worker Classification – 2001 census (Estimated)
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.13: Worker Classification – 1991 & 2001 census
Source: Census 2001
shows declining trend. When grouped into primary,
secondary and tertiary sector (Fig 4.12). 28% workers
engaged in primary sector, 23% of workers engaged in
secondary sector and 49% of workers engaged in ter-
tiary sector.
When compared with 1991 census (Fig 4.13) a sig-
nificant shift in the occupational structure of the Dis-
trict, from Primary to Service sector & Secondary Sector
& Secondary Sector can be observed.
57
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
The LSG wise distribution of workers based on
nine fold classification during 2001 (estimated) shown
in fig 4.14. The LSG wise distribution of primary second-
Fig 4.14: LSG wise distribution of workers based on 9 fold classification (estimated) – 2001 census
Fig 4.15: LSG wise distribution of workers – 2001 census
ary and tertiary workers is shown in Figure 4.15. From
the figure, it is clear that primary workers are more con-
centrated on the eastern region of the district. The per-
58
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
centage of primary workers in the district is in the range
5 – 75%. Thrissur Muncipal Corporation and six Munici-
pal Councils show very less percentage of primary work-
ers (less than 20%). Percentage of primary workers is
more in Athirapilly Grama Panchayat (74.79%) and least
in Thrissur Muncipal Corporation (5.29%).
Secondary workers are more concentrated in mid
land and coastal regions. The percentage of secondary
workers is least in eastern region. The percentage of
secondary workers in the district is in the range 5 – 50%.
The percentage of secondary workers in Thrissur
Muncipal Corporation and six Municipal Councils lies in
the range 15–30%. Percentage of secondary workers is
more in Nenmanikkara Grama Panchayat (47.87%) and
least in Athirapilly Grama Panchayat (6.15%) where pri-
mary workers are more concentrated.
Tertiary workers are more concentrated in mid
land and coastal regions and the percentage is least in
eastern region. The percentage of tertiary workers in
the district is in the range 15 – 80%. The percentage of
tertiary workers in eastern region is less than 40%. The
percentage of tertiary workers in Thrissur Muncipal Cor-
poration and six Municipal Councils is more than 55%.
Percentage of tertiary workers is more in Guruvayur
Municipal Council (77.31%) and least in Athirapilly
Grama Panchayat (19.06%)
4.5 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR CLASSESOF WORKERS
The concentration index of the four classes of
workers viz: House hold industrial workers, Cultivators,
Agricultural labourers and Other workers are calculated
for each LSGs (See Annexe 4) and its spatial variation is
analyzed. This gives an idea about where a particular
class of workers is concentrated in the district.
Figure 4.16 shows the variation of the concentra-
tion index of house hold industrial workers. From the
figure it is clear that the house hold industrial workers
are concentrated in the coastal region.
The concentration index of house hold industrial
Fig 4.16: Concentration index of HH industrial workers in LSGS, Thrissur District - 2001
59
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
workers is maximum at Sreenarayanapuram which is
situated in the coastal area. Concentration index of
house holds industrial workers is less in eastern region
of the district except in Thiruvilwamala. It may be due
to the presence of world famous “Kuthampully” (both
handloom type and power loom type) industry there.
Kuthampully is 5kms from Tiruvilwamala and is well
known for kasavu handloom weaving. Kuthampully
Handloom Industrial Cooperative Society was regis-
Fig 4.17: Concentration index of Agricultural labourers in LSGS - Thrissur
tered in Kuthampully village, on the banks of the leg-
endary Bharathappuzha, in the Thiruvilwamala Grama
Panchayat, in the year 1972 with 102 members.
Kuthampully Sarees and other handlooms are
favourites especially among womenfolk not only in
Kerala, but also in other parts of the country.
The concentration index of house hold industrial
workers at Sreenarayanapuram, Edavilangu,
Kaipamangalam, Mathilakam is more than 3. All the
four LSGs are situated in the coastal region. Coir prod-
ucts, Thazhappaya, Handicrafts, Fish products, Food
products, Cement Door frames and Window frames etc.
are the main house hold industries in these regions.
Figure 4.17 shows the variation of the concentra-
tion index of agricultural labourers LSG wise. From the
figure it is clear that agricultural labourers are concen-
trated in north eastern part of Thrissur District. In that
region concentration of house hold industrial workers
are less except Thiruvilwamala.
The concentration index of is maximum at
Kondazhi which is situated in the high land region. The
concentration index is more than 2.8 at Kondazhi,
Chelakkara, Panjal and Pazhayannur Grama Panchayats
which is situated in the high land region. Concentra-
tion index of agricultural labourers in the coastal LSG is
generally less than one.
Figure 4.18 shows LSG wise variation of the con-
centration index of cultivators and the distribution pat-
tern of it shows that cultivators are concentrated in the
mid and high land regions of the district.
60
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.18: Spatial distribution of the concentration index of Cultivators
Fig 4.19: Spatial distribution of the concentration index of other workers
61
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
The concentration index of cultivators is maxi-
mum at Alur which is situated in the mid land region.
The concentration index of cultivators is more than 1.5
in Grama Panchayts of Alur, Annamanada, Kodakara,
Kondazhi, Mattathur, Pariyaram, Pazhayannur,
Puthenchira and Thekkumkara. All these LSG are situ-
ated in the high and mid land regions. The concentra-
tion index of cultivators in the coastal region is gener-
ally less than one. Most of the LSGs lie in the range of
concentration index 1.0-1.5.
Figure 4.19 shows LSG wise variation of the con-
centration index of other workers and the distribution
pattern shows concentration of other workers in the
mid and coastal regions of the district.
The concentration index of other workers is maxi-
Table 4.4: Concentration Pattern of Workers
LSGs where HH IndustrialWorkers are concentrated
(Con.Index > 1.5)
LSGs where AgricultureWorkers are concentrated
(Con.Index > 1.5)
LSGs whereCultivators areconcentrated
(Con.Index > 1.5)
LSGs where Other Workers areconcentrated
(Con.Index > 1.1)
SreenarayanapuramMathilakamKaipamangalamEdavilanguThiruvilwamalaParalamCherpuPerinjanamNenmanikkaraParappukkaraEriyadElavallyValappad
KondhazhiPazhayannurChelakkaraPanjalVaravoorThiruvilwamalaVelurDesamangalamChazhurMelurPariyaramKodasseryThekkumkkaraMullasseryKadangodePorkulamMullurkkaraAnnamanadaParalamPanancheryPuthenchiraMattathurKadavallur
AlurKodakaraKondhazhiMattathurPazhayannurAnnamanadaPariyaramThekkumkkaraPuthenchiraVelukkaraKuzhurKodasseryChelakkaraMelurPanancheryMalaTholurParalamChowannur
Guruvayur Municipal councilMethalaKadappuramThrissur Municpal CorporationOrumanayurPavarattyChavakkad Municipal councilKodungallur Municipal councilEngandiyurIrinjalakkuda Municipal councilAthirapillyPoyyaThaikkadVadanappillyPookodeEriyadPerinjanamAvinisseryThalikulamPunnayurValappadNattikkaKunnamkulamMunicipal CouncilVadakkekadChalakkudy Municipal councilKolazhyEdathiruthyKaralamPuthurKadukuttyDesamangalamMuriyadPuthukkad
Source: Census 2001
62
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
mum at Guruvayur Municipal Council. The concentra-
tion index of other workers is more than 1.1 in 27 LSGS
(Estimated) which includes Thrissur Municipal Corpo-
ration, Guruvayur Municipal Council, Chalakkudy
Muncipal Council, Chavakkad Municipal Council,
Irinjalakkuda Municipal Council, Kodungallur Munici-
pal Council and Kunnamkulam Municipal Council. Other
Fig. 4.19a Concentration of workers in Primary sector - LSG wise distribution
workers are more concentrated in and around urban
areas of the District. The concentration index of other
workers is less in the north eastern part of the district
where cultivators and agricultural labourers are more
concentrated.
The result of the analysis is shown in Table 4.4.
4.6 ACTIVITY PATTERN BASED ON OCCUPATIONALSTRUCTURE OF WORKERS
For analyzing the activity pattern of the district,
the concentration index of three class of workers viz:
Primary sector workers, Secondary sector workers and
Tertiary sector workers are calculated for each LSG (see
Annexe 4.A) and its spatial variation is analyzed
(fig4.19a, 4.19b, 4.19c).
it is clear that primary workers are more concen-
trated in high land region and some mid land LSGS. Sec-
ondary workers are concentrated in the mid land re-
gion and some coastal LSGS and the tertiary workers
are more concentrated in and arround the urban areas.
Overlaying the above concentration pattern of
primary, secondary and tertiary workers an activity pat-
tern based on work force can be evolved as below.
1. Primary Activity
2. Secondary Activity
3. Tertiary Activity
4. Combination of Primary Activity
63
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig. 4.19b Concentration of workers in Secondary sector - LSG wise distribution
Fig. 4.19c Concentration of workers in Tertiary sector - LSG wise distribution
64
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.20: Activity Pattern of LSGS evolved based on concentration pattern of workers
Table 4.5: Four fold Classification of workers - 1981 to 2001
Cultivators Agr. labourers HH Industrial Workers Others
1981 60657 166408 34165 387595
1991 74064 183588 35898 511188
2001 50692 108907 48850 746851
Source: Census 2001
& Secondary Activity
5. Combination of Primary Activity & Ter-
tiary Activity
6. Combination of Secondary Activity &
Tertiary Activity
The activity pattern evolved in this manner is
given in figure. 4.20
From the above analysis, it is seen that activity
pattern of 29 LSGs is primary and 21 LSGs is secondary.
Tertiary activity pattern is seen in 11 LSGs. The rest of 38
LSGs have combination of the above activity patterns.
(6 LSGs with combination of primary and secondary ac-
tivity, 15 LSGs with combination of primary and tertiary
and 17 LSGs with combination of secondary and tertiary
activity).
4.7 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE - TEMPORALVARIATION
The number of various categories of workers
from 1981 to 2001 in the district is given in the table 4.5.
Cultivators and agricultural labourers show decrease in
total numbers (a decrease of approximately 17% and
65
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.21: Variation in the number of different category of workers in urban area
Table 4.6: Four fold classification of urban workers : 1981-2001
Year Cultivators Agri Labourers HH Industrial Workers Other Workers
1981 4352 11751 6131 113780
1991 7011 17946 9861 172723
2001 3395 9872 12920 241478
Source: Census 2001
35%) during the period from 1981 to 2001, whereas the
other workers show an increase of 93%. This is a clear
indication of the weakening of the primary, mainly the
agricultural sector, in the district.
The Fig 4.21 and table 4.6 shows the variation of
the number of different category of workers in the ur-
ban area from 1981 to 2001. There is significant increase
in the category of other workers during this period,
meanwhile the category of workers in cultivators and
agricultural labourers are in the decline during the same
period. The house hold industrial workers also show an
increase during the period 1981-2001.
The fig 4.22 and table 4.7 shows the variation of
different category of workers in the rural area during
the period from 1981- 2001. The pattern of change in
the number of workers in different category show that
the rural area also exhibit the same pattern as that of
the urban area. This indicates that the primary sector
activity, mainly the agricultural activity is on the de-
cline in the rural area of the District. The back bone of
any economy of a region is the production sector, the
decline of which will have effects in multiple faces like
self sufficiency, economic stability etc. of a region.
66
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Table 4.7: Four fold classification of rural workers : 1981-2001
Year Cultivators Agri Labourers HH Industrial Workers Other Workers
1981 56305 154657 28034 273815
1991 67053 165642 26037 338465
2001 47297 99035 35930 505373
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.22 Variation in the number of different category of workers in rural areas
Sour
ce:
Cen
sus
2001
Fig 4.23: Changes in the occupational structure in urban areas of the district
Sour
ce:
Cen
sus
2001
67
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.24: Changes in the occupational structure in rural areas of the district
Sour
ce:
Cen
sus
2001
Comparison of the changes in the occupational
structure of the district in urban and rural areas are
shown in fig 4.23 and fig 4.24 respectively.
The above figure clearly indicates that the per-
centage of workers engaged in primary sector in rural
areas is alarmingly decreasing whereas the percentage
of workers in the other workers category is increasing.
This indicates a dilution of the rural nature of the rural
areas of the district. Workers in other workers category
is increasing both in urban and rural area. This has re-
sulted in the narrowing down of the boundary, distin-
guishing the character of rural and urban areas.
4.8 PROJECTION OF OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE(TREND BASED)
Occupational structure of an area determines
whether an area is urban or rural. As per the projection
made earlier in the urbanization studies, the total ur-
ban population of the District is expected to be in-
creased to 732235 and 979310 in 2011 and 2021 respec-
tively. Of course this will be reflected in the occupa-
tional structure of the area also. Before projecting the
possible occupational structure of the District, it is es-
sential to arrive at the work participation rate (WPR)
during 2011 and 2021. WPR of the District over a time
period is shown in Figure 4.25 and Table 4.8
Table 4.8: Value of WPR
68
1981 1991 2001
WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12WPR - Urban 28 31 32WPR - Rural 30 32 32
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 4.25: Temporal variation of WPR
Sour
ce:
Cen
sus
2001
From this it is clear that WPR of the urban area is
increasing over the period of time. WPR of rural area
has been increased from 30 % to 32% during the period
from 1981 to 1991 and after that during the succeeding
decade the value of WPR didn’t change, remained at 32
%. The fact that WPR of the urban area is equal to that
of the rural area indicates a uniform picture about the
number of job opportunities created in urban and rural
areas against the popular belief that urban area creates
more job opportunities.
This trend has to be changed in such a way that
urban area creates more job opportunities. Otherwise
it will affect the environmental and economical
sustainability of a region. There will be migration of
Table 4.9 : Number of Workers Projected (WPR)
1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12 32.82 33.26
Source: Census 2001
Fig 4.26 : Projection of WPR
69
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
people from urban to rural areas resulting in the pos-
sible destruction of the resources like agricultural area,
water bodies and environmentally sensitive areas in
the rural area for residential purpose and thus destroy-
ing the economic base of the District.
It is accepted that a WPR of 40 % indicates a well
off society as far as the job opportunities are concerned.
The present WPR is only 32.12% and attaining a WPR of
40% by two decades is very difficult. In this circumstance
it is assumed that by 2021 the WPR of the District will
Table 4.10 : Number of workers projected
1981 1991 2001 2011 2021
WPR 29.63 31.96 32.12 32.82 33.26Population 2439633 2737311 2974232 3153564 3286439Workers 722784 874806 955300 1035000 1093070
Source: Census 2001
Table 4.11: Projection of workers in urban and rural areas
be a moderate figure of 33.26%. Assuming a uniform
increase in the WPR, the projected WPR of the District
is shown in table 4.9 and fig 4.26.
The number workers based on the projected WPR
is given in table 4.10.
In order to arrest the trend of migration of people
from urban to rural area, it is assumed that the WPR in
both urban and rural areas attain the same value of
33.26% accordingly the number of workers in urban and
rural area are projected. This given in table 4.11.
4.9 INFERENCE
The backbone of any economy of a region is the
production sector. The analysis of the occupational struc-
ture of the District shows a very alarming situation about
the economic base of the district. The production sec-
tor including the agriculture and cultivator sector shows
declining trend in the district. The sectors, which show
growth, are the industrial and the service sector. More
than 50% of the urban population depends on the ser-vice sector for their lively hood. It is observed that ruralarea of the district is also slowly withdrawing from theprimary sector and started depending more on the ser-vice sector. The boundary distinguishing the characterof rural and urban areas is narrowing down. If this trendin the change in the occupational structure of the dis-trict is considered, there won’t be any distinction inthe occupational structure whether it is in an urban or
rural area.
Year Total workers
Urban rural break up of total workers
WPR totalUrban Rural
Number of workers
WPRNumber of
workersWPR
1981 722784 146449 0.28 576335 0.30 0.296
1991 874806 221188 0.31 653618 0.32 0.320
2001 955300 267665 0.32 687635 0.32 0.321
2011 1035000 240759 0.3288 794241 0.3280 0.3282
2021 1093070 325719 0.3326 767351 0.3326 0.3326
70