CHAPTER 4 POWERPOINT

JUDAISM AND ROME – How did the Jews respond to Roman rule?

Romans took over Judah (Judaea) around 63BC and replaced the Jewish king with a Roman procurator (governor) around AD 6

Some cooperated, some ignored, and some left

Jerusalem was the holy city and Jews hoped for deliverer

Jewish revolts

One group rebelled – Zealots around ad 66 Ad 73 Fortress Masada fell Ad 132 – Jews try to rebel again but kicked out

of Jerusalem

Zealots

Show online slide

Jesus of Nazareth –

Jesus preached about how God created all and love God and one another

Beatitudes - sayings or teachings in Jesus’s Sermon on the Mount

Parables – stories that taught lessons - Good Samaritan and Prodigal Son

Miracles – stories of healing

LIFE OF JESUS

BIRTH

BORN IN A MANAGER

BORN OF A VIRGIN MARY

KING HEROD TRIED TO KILL

3 WISEMEN

GAVE GIFTS

LIFE

AT 12 BEGAN PREACHING

AT 30 ENTERED INTO GALILEE

MIRACLES, PARABLES, TEACHINGS

DEATH AT 33 ENTERED JERUSALEM FOR PASSOVER

TENSIONS ALREADY BETWEEN JEWS AND ROMANS – STATUES AND TAXES

THURSDAY – LAST SUPPER AND BETRAYAL BY JUDAS

FRIDAY – CRUXIFICATION ON CROSS

SUNDAY – RESURRECTION FROM DEATH

Apostles

Show online lecture slide

Basic Christian beliefs

Monotheistic Jesus was son of God To become Christian, accept Jesus as your Savior and

receive salvation Saved from sins or wrongdoings Afterlife – Heaven God the father, the son, and Holy Ghost – Holy Trinity Similar to Jews – love God, love neighbor, God will

rule world

Reasons why Christianity spread

Romans maintained peace and order Easy travel due to roads Message had enormous appeal because it provided

comfort and gave hope for a better life after death Helped those in need and offered forgiveness Due to languages of Latin and Greek,

communication was easy Christians offered security, support, and took care

of people

Why did Roman’s mistreat Christians?

Christians would not worship emperor – false gods

Christians criticized Roman games and festivals

Christians refused to serve in the Roman army

Too many people were becoming Christians Burial practices – buried in catacombs and

outside of Rome, memorial services with meals

FORMS OF MISTREATMENT

ARRESTED, BEATEN, MADE MARTYRS, BLAMED FOR NATURAL DISASTERS, BLAMED FOR FIRE

ROMANS TOLERATED JEWS BUT OUTLAWED CHRISTAINITY

Show online slide over Constantine

ACCEPTANCE OF CHRISTIANITY

1.Diocletian tries to kill Christians by force

2. Constantine wins battle and ended the persecution of Christians Edict of Milan - tolerance

3. Constantine allowed Christains to serve in the government, no taxes, build churches

4. Theodosius – ad 392 – bans Greek and Roman religions

Show online chart over hierarchy in church and early writings

Bishops vs. Priests

BISHOPS

AUTHORITY OVER MORE THAN ONE CHURCH

DETERMINED CHURCH DOCTRINE

PATRIACHS OR ARCHBISHOPS WOULD HELP

PRIESTS RESPONSIBLE

FOR ONE CHURCH LED DAILY

WORSHIPLAITY HELPED

THEM

ISSUES THAT DIVIDED THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH

DEBATED OVER WHICH JEWISH PRACTICES TO KEEP

HOW TO RESPOND TO ROMANS EXPLAINED CERTAIN ISSUES IN BIBLEROLE OF POPE – ROMAN CATHOLICS

(LATINS) SEENS AS HEAD OF CHURCH BUT EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEKS) SAID NO

SHOW THE ONLINE LECTURE SLIDE LISTING KEY ISSUES OF DIVISION

ICONS

FOR REPRESENT GOD HELP PEOPLE

UNDERSTAND TEACHINGS

ROMAN CATHOLICS

AGAINST IDOL WORSHIP DISTRACT

CHRISTIANSEASTERN

ORTHODOX – EMPEROR LEO III

Roman Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox

ROMAN CATHOLIC LATIN

ROME

LED BY POPE – head of all churches - can use icons -

WESTERN EMPIRE

POPE CHOSE CHARLEMAGNE AS EMPEROR OF ROME IN AD 800

POPE BELIEVED HE WAS IN CONTROL OF GOVERNMENT AND CHURCH

EXCOMMUNICATED

EASTERN ORTHODOX GREEK

BYZANTINE EMPIRE

LED BY PATRIARCH- equal to pope along with bishops – some said no icons

EMPERORS WERE SAID TO BE FROM GOD – DEFEND THE CHURCH AND SET UP ONE CHRISTIAN FAITH

EMPERORS CHOSE CHURCH LEADERS AND IN CHARGE OF GOVERNMENT AND DISPUTES IN EMPIRE

EXCOMMUNICATED – LED TO A SCHISM OR SPLIT OF CHURCH

OTHER REASONS WHY CHRISTIANITY SPREAD

FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE NEED FOR PEACE AND ORDER Paula – a nun who helped scholar Jerome translate Bible into Latin Basilian rule – created by Basil – rules for nuns and monks Benedictine Rule – created by Benedict – rules for monks and nuns in

west – be missionaries and welcome all MISSIONARY WORK OF NUNS AND MONKS - SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS,

POOR CREATION OF THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET BY CYRIL TO TEACH SLAVS –

Cryil and Methodius (brothers) MONKS IN BRITAIN – ANGLO-SAXENS – Pope Gregory I sends 40 monks PATRICK’S MISSIONARY WORK IN IRELAND