chapter 4 revised
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets the data gathered in the study.
This includes the measurement of ambient noise using the sound level meter; laboratory
analyses of the water samples from Balumbato Elementary School; soil trace elements
analysis; and the result of the Air Pollution Assessment Report (2000-2001).
For clarity and consistency, the presentation and discussion followed the
sequence by which the specific problems were stated in the study.
The Existing Environmental Problems
Noise Pollution
The measurements were recorded at daytime, between nine and ten in the
morning. As stipulated in the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC)
Memorandum Circular No. 002 Series of 1980, Section 78- Ambient Noise Quality and
Emission Standards for Noise1, schools fall under Class AA, which refers to
sections/contiguous areas that require quietness. Among those are areas within 100
meters of school sites, nursery schools, hospitals, and special homes for the aged. The
environmental quality standards for noise in Class AA area are as follows; (a) Daytime
(9:00 am to10:00 am) – 50 decibels (db), (b) Evening (6:00 pm to 10:00 pm) – 45 db;
(c) Nighttime (10:00 pm to 5:00 am)- 40 db and (d) Morning (5:00 am to 9:00 am).
1 DENR-Environmental Management Bureau Official Gazette, Section 78, Ambient Noise Quality Standards.
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The standards were applied to the arithmetic median of at least seven readings at the
point of maximum noise level.
As shown in the results (Appendix C-1), seven readings at eight designated
points were taken at a given time. The arithmetic median was taken at each assigned
point. Point 1 was the gate of a paper mill adjacent to the rear of Philippine Bed Mfg.
Inc., facing the school gate. Point 2 was the playground; Point 3 was near Manchester
Engineering and Manufacturing Corp; Point 4 was the backstage near the Principal’s
office; Point 5 was behind the two-story classroom building, very proximate to the wall
of the Universal Steel Smelting Inc Compound. Point 6, beside the fishpond of the
school, Point 7, outside the school premises, and Point 8, at the Salazar Drive, near the
Brick Glazing and Hollow Blocks Making Industry and only stone’s throw away from
the school.
Since the Environmental Quality Standards for noise at daytime in Class AA is
50 decibels; examination of the data revealed that at the eight designated points, all the
arithmetic medians exceeded the maximum allowable noise level. At Point 1, the noise
level exceeded by 3.8 db; at Point 2, it was higher by 10.1 db; at Point 3- where the
highest noise level was recorded, it was 14.4 db more than the allowable decibel; at
Point 4, where the second lowest noise level was registered, it was only 2.5 more; at
Point 5, it exceeded by 10.2 db, at Point 6, the noise level was higher by 9 db, at point 7,
it exceeded the standard by 2.1 db; and finally at Point 8, it was higher by 4.8 db.
The presence of noise pollution at Balumbato Elementary School and its environ
was therefore evident. Noise pollution can be detrimental to the pupils’ health as well as
to their academic performance. Even at low levels, it causes stress; it can promote high
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blood pressure and other cardiovascular problems, as well as nervous disorders. It
makes conversation difficult, interferes with some kinds of work, class discussion and
distracts pupils’ attention.
Air Pollution
Air pollution was determined through the utilization of The Stations General Air
Pollution Assessment Report, 2000-2001. This was one limitation of the study since
undertaking an Air Pollution Assessment/ Measuring entailed much constraints. Such
an assessment would take a year before conclusive results regarding the air quality of
a particular locality could be made. Thus the DENR permitted the researcher to use the
aforementioned report.
Balumbato Elementary School and its vicinity fall under the jurisdiction of
Congressional Avenue Station. The Monitoring Site/Area is described as traffic oriented
and mixed industrial, commercial and residential. The major source of particulate
matter is stated as mobile, aside from the area itself.
As indicated in the report for the year 2000, the annual mean was 336, the
highest among other stations. Although there was a notable decrease in the annual
mean for the year 2001 (mean during the first quarter was 235 and 201 during the
second quarter), the overall general pollution index was still described as “poor”
compared to other stations such as the stations in Las Piñas (good-fair) and also at
Ateneo and Mandaluyong, though these are in the urban area.
Based on the aforementioned “Guideline Values” for long term (I year)
assessment, the Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSP) should be 90 ug/Ncm. Thus,
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the mean of 336 for the year 2000 was more than thrice the normal level and fell above
the “alert level.” It was classified as “very unhealthful” according to the Air Quality
Standards and Rules and Regulations Relating to Air Pollution2.
The findings showed that Balumbato Elementary School and its surroundings
had been experiencing air pollution just like other overcrowded urban areas.
Water Pollution
Drinking water standards are more stringent than standards applicable to
irrigation water .The Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water established
limits in five categories: a) physical characteristics, b) chemical characteristics,
c) radioactivity, d) bacteriological quality and e) biological characteristics.
The Bacteriological Analysis conducted on November 6, 2001 using water
samples (MWSS Tap water) taken from the faucet near the school’s comfort room was
found to contain total coliform. The Most probable number/100ml (Mpn/100ml) was
greater than 16 and fecal coliform mpn/100ml was also greater than 16. Laboratory
sample no. 01-2770 failed to meet the bacteriological standards for drinking water
quality, as both total coliform and fecal coliform must not exceed 2.2-mpn/100 ml water
to be safe for drinking. (See Appendix C-2 for the Philippine National Standards for
Drinking Water.).
However, the analyses of the water sample taken from the school canteen
(laboratory sample no. 2977) and of the water sample from the principal’s office
2 Air Quality Standards and Rules and Regulations Relating to Air Pollution, (Revised Chapter II, sections 57 to 66 of the 1978 Implementing Rules and Regulations for PD 984).
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(laboratory sample no. 01-2978) showed that the total coliform and fecal coliform
mpn/100 ml were less than 2.2 mpn/100ml. The analyses revealed that both samples
met the bacteriological standards for drinking water quality. (See Appendix C.)
The trace elements analyses data (W-751 conducted on October 26,2001)
showed that the water samples contained only a trace of copper, zinc, and manganese
and 0.01 of iron. These amounts were still within the recommended maximum
concentration. The ph value of 6.6 was likewise within the standard range of 6.6 to 9.5.
(Appendix C-4)
As much as possible, acidity (ph) should be controlled and must not exceed 8,
or there would be adverse effects on the taste, the odor, and the appearance of the
drinking water. It would also lead to the corrosion of water mains and pipelines in the
house hold water system.
Soil Pollution
The data showing the result of the soil analysis (chemical and trace elements) of
laboratory sample no. S-3517 revealed that the ph value of 6.6 was considered adequate
(favorable) based on the General Guidelines for the Fertility Rating of Soils that it is
between 5.5 to 8.5.3 The EC mmho/cm 1:1 or Electrical Conductivity was 0.48. Since
this value was less than 4 ( 4), then the soil, in terms of EC, was adequate/favorable.
Based on the “Concentration Range of Micronutrients in Phil. Soils” (DTPA
Extraction), the SO4 ppm in the soil sample was 95.17 indicating that it was moderately
unfavorable. The copper (Cu) ppm of 16.16 was described as “high”. The zinc (Zn)
3 F.O Nachtergaele, Interpretation of Chemical and Physical Soil Data for the USDA Soil Taxonomy, Laboratory Information Paper no. 13
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ppm was 120.2 and was classified as “very high,” having exceeded 20 (>20) Zn count.
The iron (Fe) ppm which came out as 45.45 was described as “high.” Finally, the
manganese (Mn) ppm was found to be 78.78 and was classified as “medium”. (Results
of the Soil Sample Analysis are shown in Appendix C-5). Based on the soil analysis, it
may be concluded that there was no soil pollution in Balumbato Elementary School and
in its environment.
Although the soil constituents were described to be favorable for man, plants
and animals, it was evident that there was air pollution in the place. Zinc (Zn) was
notably “very high.” Zinc is used principally as a protective coating or galvanizer for
iron and steel; as an ingredient of various alloys, especially brass; as plates for dry
electric cells; and for die-castings. Zinc oxide, known as zinc white or Chinese white, is
used as a paint pigment. Both Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) received a rating of “high.”
These metal traces were caused by the presence of steel smelting and paint factories in
Balumbato Elementary School.
The Causes of The Existing Environmental Problems
The three groups of respondents, namely the pupils, the parents, and all the
teachers in Balumbato Elementary School, identified the causes of the existing
environmental conditions in the school as well as its surrounding community.
According to their perception and observation, the respondents rated nine items listed in
the questionnaire as the causes of the environmental problems.. To determine the causes
of environmental condition in Balumbato Elementary School, a five-point table of
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interpretation was evolved using an interval of twenty. It may be noted that an item
which was identified as the cause of an environmental problem by at least 80% of the
respondents was considered as a “very common” problem. Those identified by 60% to
79% of the respondents were considered as “common” problems; and those considered
by 40% to 59% of the respondents were labeled as “moderate”. An item identified by
20 % to 39 % of the respondents only was labeled as a “slight” problem. An item was
not considered a problem if only 19 % or less of the respondents identified it.
Table 4-A presents the perception of the respondents as regards the causes of the
existing environmental problems. These varied elements were identified as contributory
to the environmental problems in the vicinity of Balumbato Elementary School and
eventually affecting the pupils’ health.
Table 4-A
Causes of the Existing Environmental ProblemsAs Perceived by the Respondents
CAUSES OF EXISTING ENVIRON-MENTAL
PROBLEMS
PUPIL-RESPONDENTS PARENT-RESPONDENTS TEACHER-RESPONDENTS
f %Interpre-
tationR f %
Interpre-tation
R f %Interpre-
tationR
Heavy Traffic 59 32 Slight 9 61 41 Moderate 7 10 48 Moderate 5
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Flooding of the
Streets101 54 Moderate 7 70 47 Moderate 5.5 8 38 Slight 7.5
Temperate weather 118 63 Common 4 82 55 Moderate 3 6 29 Slight 9
Foul odor coming
from garbage121 65 Common 3 58 39 Slight 8 8 38 Slight 7.5
Foul smell coming
from the school
toilets
137 73 Common 1 87 58 Moderate 2 13 62 Common 3
Foul odor coming
from the nearby
factories
104 56 Moderate 6 73 49 Moderate 4 12 57 Moderate 4
Noise from the
nearby factories98 52 Moderate 8 70 47 Moderate 5.5 14 67 Common 2
Constant dust 114 61 Common 5 52 35 Slight 9 9 43 Moderate 6
Smoke coming from
the nearby factories132 71 Common 2 99 66 Common 1 19 90
Very
common1
The most common causes perceived by the pupil respondents were: (a) foul
smell coming from the school toilets (ranked 1); (b) smoke coming from the nearby
factories (ranked 2); (c) foul odor coming from the garbage (ranked 3); (d) hot weather
(ranked 4) and (e) constant dust (ranked 5). Traffic was considered to be the least of the
elements that brought about the environmental problems. Considered to moderately
conduce to the problems were: (a) the foul odor coming from nearby factories, (b) the
flooding of the streets and (c) the noise from the nearby factories. The students
perceived heavy traffic as a slight cause of environmental problems.
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On the other hand, the parent respondents perceived the smoke coming from the
nearby factories as a common cause of environmental problems. The foul smell coming
from the school toilets, the temperate weather, the foul odor and the noise coming
from the nearby factories, the flooding of the streets, and the traffic were perceived by
them as moderately causing the environmental problems. They dismissed the foul odor
coming from the garbage and the constant presence of dust as slightly causing
environmental problems.
Only the teacher-respondents perceived a very common cause of the
environmental problems in Balumbato Elementary School and the surroundings. This
was the smoke coming from the nearby factories. They rated the noise from the nearby
factories and the foul smell coming from the school toilets as common causes of
environmental problems. The foul odor coming from the nearby factories, the traffic,
and the constant presence of dust were perceived as moderately causing the problems
while the flooding of the streets, the foul odor from garbage, and the hot weather were
considered as slight causes of the environmental problems.
A close analysis of the data showed that both the parent and the teacher
respondents perceived the smoke coming from the nearby factories as the prime
contributory factor to the problem.
Perusal of the data presented in Table 4-B shows the summarized perceived
causes of the deteriorating environmental condition in descending order.
Ranked 1 was smoke emitting from the nearby factories, whereas traffic was the
last element/factor perceived to cause environmental problems.
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Table 4-B
Summary of the Causes of the Existing Environmental Problemsat the Balumbato Elementary School
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS F % RANK
Smoke emission from the nearby factories 250 70 1
Foul odor from toilets 237 66 2
Foul odor from factories 209 58.50 3
Hot weather 206 57.70 4
Foul odor from garbage 187 52.40 5
Noise from factory machineries 182 51.00 6
Flooding of the street 179 50.10 7
Constant presence of dust 175 49 8
Traffic 130 36.41 9
It should be noted that among the factories proximate to Balumbato Elementary
School are the Universal Steel Smelting Corp, and the Pacific Mills Inc. These factories
particularly, the smelting company, are significant sources of air pollution. Smoke
emitting from these factories are environmentally “dirty” and hazardous, hence, they are
a dominant contributor to air pollution. Let it not be forgotten that the operation of the
machinery in these factories produces a lot of noise, thus causing noise pollution also.
Perception of the Pupils, Parents, and Teacher Respondentson the Effects of the Environmental Problems
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The respondents of the study were requested to rate the effects of the varied
environmental problems around Balumbato Elementary School according to their
perception.
The data reflected in Table 5-A show the comparative perception of the
respondents regarding the effects of the environmental conditions in Balumbato
Elementary School and its vicinity.
The pupil respondents considered the difficulty of crossing the streets and of
concentrating due to traffic noise as alarming effects of heavy traffic. On the other hand,
eye irritation due to smoke emitted by vehicles and the inability to come to school
punctually were described as by the pupil respondents as “disturbing”.
Absenteeism and skin irritations brought about by flooded streets were
considered alarming by the pupils whereas inability to come to school on time was
“disturbing”.
The pupils considered lack of concentration during class hours as a serious
effect of temperate weather, though they found feeling sleepy in class as “disturbing”.
Headache as an upshot of the foul odor coming from garbage was believed to be
seriously affecting the pupils while difficulty in breathing was believed to be
“alarming”.
Putrid odor from the school toilets as well as the suffocating smell emitted by
the neighboring factories were perceived to cause alarming effects on the pupils’ health.
Moreover, constant presence of dust was believed to cause serious eye irritation and
lack of concentration during classes.
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The alarming effects of the smoke coming from factories were eye irritation,
headache, and difficulty in breathing. Least disturbing of the effects was nose irritation.
The parent respondents differed from the pupil respondents in their perception.
As shown on Table 5-B, they perceived the following effects as alarming; difficulty to
cross the streets due to traffic; absenteeism and skin irritation due to floods; pupils’
lack of concentration during class hours because of the temperate weather; headache
and difficulty in breathing resulting from the inhalation of the foul odor from school
toilets and factories as well as from the noise; and eye and nose irritation and
inattentiveness in the class due to the smoke from factories.
The teacher-respondents as shown on Table 5-C, viewed the effects quite
differently from the pupils and parents. Apparently, the teachers had observed more
keenly the adverse effects of the deteriorating ecological conditions in the school
because they have been teaching in the school longer than the number of years that the
pupils respondents had been there.
The faculty members were convinced that absenteeism was a very serious
consequence of flooding on the streets. Frequent headache was perceived to be the very
serious effect of inhaling the foul odor emitted by the factories in the area.
The teacher respondents considered difficulty in crossing the street and eye
irritations caused by smoke belchers to be the serious effects of heavy traffic. They also
perceived the following as serious- inability to come to school on time as a consequence
of flooding on the streets; the pupils’ inability to concentrate in class due to the foul
odor from school toilets and the foul odor and the noise coming from factories; and
feeling sleepy during class hours.
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On the whole as shown on Table 5-D, the effects of the existing environmental
conditions were perceived differently by the respondents: (1) alarming by the pupil
respondents (45.8%); (2) disturbing by the parents (38.99%); and alarming by the
teacher respondents (52.0%)
Table 5-APerceived Effects of the Existing Environmental Conditions At Balumbato
Elementary School Pupils According To the Pupil-Respondents
TRAFFIC F % INTERPRETATIONSmoke emitted by the vehicles irritates the eyes 71 37 DisturbingDifficulty to cross the street 109 58 AlarmingInability to come to school on time 71 38 DisturbingDifficulty to concentrate due to traffic noise 96 51 Alarming
Flooding on the streetsInability to come to school on time 68 36 DisturbingAbsenteeism 92 49 AlarmingCauses skin irritation 76 41 Alarming
Temperate weatherMakes pupils sleepy in the classroom 66 35 DisturbingCannot concentrate during classes 124 66 Serious
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Foul odor from garbageCauses headache 118 63 SeriousCannot concentrate during classes 78 36 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 96 51 Alarming
Foul odor from school toiletsCauses headache 110 59 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 68 36 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 105 56 Alarming
Foul Odor Emitted By FactoriesCauses headache 102 55 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 77 41 AlarmingCauses difficulty in breathing 83 44 Alarming
Noise from factoriesCauses headache 110 59 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 76 41 AlarmingInattentiveness to the lesson 91 49 Alarming
Constant dustCauses eye irritation 137 73 SeriousCannot concentrate during classes 54 29 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 30 16 Less Disturbing
Smoke coming from factoriesInattentiveness to the lesson 62 33 DisturbingCauses eye irritation 103 55 AlarmingCauses headache 85 45 AlarmingNose irritation 25 13 Less DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 82 44 Alarming
Table 5-BPerceived Effects of the Existing Environmental Conditions At Balumbato
Elementary School Pupils According To the Parent-Respondents
TRAFFIC F % INTERPRETATIONSmoke emitted by the vehicles irritates the eyes 44 29 DisturbingDifficulty to cross the street 83 56 AlarmingInability to come to school on time 40 27 DisturbingDifficulty to concentrate due to traffic noise 42 28 Disturbing
Flooding on the streetsInability to come to school on time 43 29 DisturbingAbsenteeism 71 47 AlarmingCauses skin irritation 25 17 Less Disturbing
Temperate weatherMakes pupils sleepy in the classroom 61 41 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 87 58 Alarming
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Foul odor from garbageCauses headache 64 43 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 53 35 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 84 56 Alarming
Foul odor from school toiletsCauses headache 88 59 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 56 37 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 82 55 Alarming
Foul Odor Emitted By FactoriesCauses headache 88 59 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 57 38 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 79 53 Alarming
Noise from factoriesCauses headache 78 52 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 67 45 AlarmingInattentiveness to the lesson 18 12 Less Disturbing
Constant dustCauses eye irritation 94 63 SeriousCannot concentrate during classes 36 24 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 34 23 Disturbing
Smoke coming from factoriesInattentiveness to the lesson 75 50 AlarmingCauses eye irritation 72 48 AlarmingCauses headache 76 51 AlarmingNose irritation 67 45 AlarmingCauses difficulty in breathing 64 44 Alarming
Table 5-CPerceived Effects of the Existing Environmental Conditions At Balumbato
Elementary School Pupils According To the Teacher-Respondents
TRAFFIC F % INTERPRETATIONSmoke emitted by the vehicles irritates the eyes 13 62 SeriousDifficulty to cross the street 13 62 SeriousInability to come to school on time 12 57 AlarmingDifficulty to concentrate due to traffic noise 3 14 Less Disturbing
Flooding on the streetsInability to come to school on time 14 66 SeriousAbsenteeism 17 81 Very seriousCauses skin irritation 4 19 Less Disturbing
Temperate weatherMakes pupils sleepy in the classroom 15 71 SeriousCannot concentrate during classes 11 52 Alarming
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Foul odor from garbageCauses headache 12 57 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 11 52 AlarmingCauses difficulty in breathing 9 43 Alarming
Foul odor from school toiletsCauses headache 9 43 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 16 76 SeriousCauses difficulty in breathing 8 38 Disturbing
Foul Odor Emitted By FactoriesCauses headache 17 81 Very seriousCannot concentrate during classes 16 76 SeriousCauses difficulty in breathing 12 57 Alarming
Noise from factoriesCauses headache 10 48 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 10 48 AlarmingInattentiveness to the lesson 13 62 Serious
Constant dustCauses eye irritation 11 52 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 2 10 Less DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 7 33 Disturbing
Smoke coming from factoriesInattentiveness to the lesson 12 57 AlarmingCauses eye irritation 11 52 AlarmingCauses headache 8 38 DisturbingNose irritation 7 33 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 9 43 Alarming
Table 5-DSummary of Perceived Effects of the Existing Environmental Conditions At
Balumbato Elementary School PupilsTRAFFIC F % RANK INTERPRETATION
Smoke emitted by the vehicles irritates the eyes
128 36 3 Disturbing
Difficulty to cross the street 205 57 1 AlarmingInability to come to school on time 123 35 4 DisturbingDifficulty to concentrate due to traffic noise 141 40 2 Alarming
Flooding on the streetsInability to come to school on time 125 35 2 DisturbingAbsenteeism 180 50 1 AlarmingCauses skin irritation 105 29 3 Disturbing
Temperate weatherMakes pupils sleepy in the classroom 142 40 2 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 222 62 1 Serious
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Foul odor from garbageCauses headache 194 54.3 1 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 142 39.8 3 AlarmingCauses difficulty in breathing 189 52.9 2 Alarming
Foul odor from school toiletsCauses headache 207 58 1 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 140 39 2 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 105 29 3 Disturbing
Foul Odor Emitted By FactoriesCauses headache 207 58 1 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 170 48 2 AlarmingCauses difficulty in breathing 121 34 3 Disturbing
Noise from factoriesCauses headache 197 56 1 AlarmingCannot concentrate during classes 153 43 2 AlarmingInattentiveness to the lesson 122 34 3 Disturbing
Constant dustCauses eye irritation 242 68 1 SeriousCannot concentrate during classes 92 26 2 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 71 20 3 Disturbing
Smoke coming from factoriesInattentiveness to the lesson 149 42 4 AlarmingCauses eye irritation 186 52 1 AlarmingCauses headache 169 47 2 AlarmingNose irritation 99 28 5 DisturbingCauses difficulty in breathing 155 43 3 Alarming
Diseases Commonly Contracted by the Pupils
A careful analysis of the data presented in Table 6 shows that common colds
ranked one (1) as the illness most often contracted by the pupils according to the
perception of the three groups of respondents. This was followed by cough, fever, and
headache. These diseases were usually contracted by way of the respiratory system and
could be the direct result of air pollution. Other illnesses of the respiratory systems
contracted by the pupils were: asthma (ranked 8); nose and throat irritation (ranked 12);
primary complex (ranked 14); and bronchitis (ranked 15)
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Other diseases suffered by the pupils due to different pollutants were: dizziness
(ranked 5); sore eyes (ranked 6); diarrhea (ranked 7); skin allergy (ranked 9); nausea
(ranked 10); nose bleeding (ranked 11); skin diseases (ranked 13); hypertension (ranked
16) and anemia (ranked 17).
Table 6
Percentage and Rank Distribution of DiseasesCommonly Contracted by the Pupils
DISEASES MOST CONTRACTED BY
THE PUPILSPUPILS PARENTS TEACHERS TOTALS
% Rank % Rank % Rank F % Rank
Colds 73.3 1 78 1 95.24 2 274 76.75 1
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Cough 7.70 2 77.3 2 80.95 4 267 74.80 2
Fever 58.8 4 74.7 3 90.48 3 243 68.10 3
Headache 62.6 3 65.3 4 100 1 236 66.10 4
Dizziness 50.3 5 32.7 6 66.67 6 157 44 5
Sore eyes 33.7 6 38 5 71.43 5 135 38.00 6
Diarrhea 28.3 7 32 7 38.1 9.5 109 31.00 7
Asthma 23 9 23.3 8 57.14 7 90 25.00 8
Skin allergy 20.3 10.5 20 10 33.33 10 75 21.00 9
Nausea 24.6 8 14.7 12 28.57 11.5 74 21.00 10
Nose bleeding 20.3 10.5 17.3 11 38.1 9.5 72 20.20 11
Nose and throat
irritation
9.09 12 22 9 38.1 9.5 58 16.25 12
Skin disorders 11.8 11 13.3 13 28.57 11.5 48 13.50 13
Primary complex 5.88 13 12 14 23.81 12.5 34 9.50 14
Bronchitis 4.81 14.5 6.67 15 47.62 8 29 8.12 15
Hypertension 4.81 14.5 6 16 19.05 13.5 22 6.20 16
Anemia 4.28 15 4.67 17 19.05 13.5 19 5.32 17
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