Chapter 4Section 2

Bellwork

• Please label the 13 Colonies• Write in pencil only!• If you know the founder please fill it in• Do NOT color the map today!

You will need your book, a piece of loose-leaf paper, and a pencil

Review!

• Which religious group left England on the Mayflower and formed Plymouth Colony?

• Which group left England and formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

• What was the difference between the two groups?

Review!

• Why did Thomas Hooker leave Massachusetts Bay Colony?

• What colony did he start?

• Why did Roger Williams leave Massachusetts Bay Colony?

• What colony did he start?

Review!

• What was the name of the Wampanoag chief who attacked English settlements?

• Why did this “war” begin?

New Netherland

• Began as a Dutch colony on the Hudson River• New Amsterdam was built as a port for the fur trade, but quickly

became a popular port• The Dutch government tried to encourage farming by giving rich

families large amounts of land to rent out• Most people lived in New Amsterdam however and came from all

over Europe

New Netherland

• New Netherland was like Rhode Island, both had religious freedom.• Most people were Protestant from the Dutch Reformed Church, but

Catholics, Jews, and other Protestants were welcome and could hold land.• African slaves were in high demand, nearly a quarter of the

population were slaves

New Netherland

• In 1664 English rivalry with the Dutch over trade and colonies caused England to attack New Amsterdam• The governor wants to fight the English, but he is so unpopular the

people refuse to help him• The colony is surrendered to England without a single shot fired• The King of England gives the colony to his brother, the Duke of York

who renames is New York

New Jersey

• The Duke of York decided New York was too big to govern easily• He gives some land to some friends to create a colony• Starts as a proprietary colony, land given to someone to divide and

rent• New Jersey later becomes a royal colony in 1702, it becomes ruled by

the King directly• Their charter protected religious freedom and right of assembly

New Jersey

• New Jersey has very fertile farmland and lots of resources• Colonists from Sweden, Germany, Scotland, Germany and other

countries begin to come• Some New York colonists move to New Jersey, New England colonists

start coming as well for the better farmland

Pennsylvania

• Founded by William Penn in 1681• Penn founded the colony to give Quakers a place to practice their

religion• Quakers were Protestants, they were among the most disliked group

in England because of their beliefs• Believed that all people were equal in God’s sight, women could

preach, spoke out against war

Pennsylvania

• Penn wanted to be a model of religious freedom• Protestants, Catholics, and Jews came to Pennsylvania to escape

persecution• Later were pressured to turn away Catholics and Jews• Penn also wanted fair treatment for Native Americans and fair pay for

land taken from them• There were very few conflicts with Native Americans

Pennsylvania

• Pamphlets were sent out to European countries, settlers came from all over• Large numbers of “Pennsylvania Dutch” came over, about a third of

immigrants were African slaves• Penn planned the city of Philadelphia meaning “city of brotherly love”

Delaware

• Delaware began as the Lower Counties of Pennsylvania• Settlers did not want to send delegates to Philadelphia so Penn

allowed them to elect their own assembly• They broke away in 1704 to become their own colony

Life in the Middle Colonies

• Most people made their living farming• It was much easier to farm in the Middle Colonies than New England• Winters were much less intense so the growing season lasted longer• Farmers grew barley, wheat and rye as cash-crops, crops sold for

money instead of just food• Farms were very large and required lots of work. African slaves

worked on some farms, but most had paid farmhands

Life in the Middle Colonies

• Houses tended to be farther apart, which placed less importance on towns. The county became the center of local government.• Different groups built different types of houses ranging from log

cabins to red brick homes• Every member of a house had duties to make sure the family survived

The Backcountry

• Thousands of Germans and Scotch-Irish came to Philadelphia and traveled east onto the slopes of the Appalachian Mountains.• They originally meant to farm, but found it very challenging.• Learned how to survive off the land from the Native Americans• The large amount of new settlers caused some to move onto Indian

lands, causing tensions to rise and some violent disputes to occur