CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3Moving Toward Nationhood

A Clash of Views Government

- ProblemEngland believed Parliament represented… - English citizens - colonistsColonists believed only their legislature represented them - could not vote members of Parliament - did not participate in Parliament

A Clash of Views Trade

- ProblemEngland’s Parliament permitted

colonists to trade only with EnglandColonists wanted more freedom

A Clash of Viewspage 96

“No Taxation Without Representation”

A Clash of Views Steps Toward Independence

- Committees of Correspondence- organized by colonists- passed news to each colony about

taxation an violation of colonists’ rights

- Colonial Legislatures- called for a congress- or formal

meeting of representatives

A Clash of Views- First Continental Congress (1774)

- Philadelphia- delegates from 12 colonies- cut off all trade with England

A Year Later…- Second Continental Congress (1775)

- colonists fighting English soldiers*colonists still feared independence

A Clash of Views Thomas Paine

(1776)- published pamphlet ‘Common Sense’

The Declaration of Independence

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”

Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence

Second Continental Congress- voted for independence- appointed a committee to write the Declaration of Independence

Committee Members- Thomas Jefferson- Ben Franklin- John Adams

The Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776- Declaration of Independence adopted in Philadelphia- “these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States” Declaration of Independence

*Which philosopher did Thomas Jefferson reflect while writing this document? Explain.

Organizing a New Governmentpage 99

State Constitutions

Organizing a New Governmentpage 99

*Why do you think the Second Continental Congress struggled with forming a national government?

Organizing a New Government

Articles of Confederation (1777)- alliance of independent states- national legislature (Congress)- power to declare war- trade agreements between states

- no executive or judicial- no power to tax- no power to enforce laws made

*most power remained with states*ratified in 1781 (by all 13 states)

A Limping Government Problems with Debt and Trade

- borrowed money to fight- could not pay off debts- no power to regulate trade with England- could not trade with English colonies

A Limping Governmentpage 100-101

Shay’s Rebellion