Highlights of the Civil War

Chapter 4Sections 2,3

North vs. South

North’s strengths

More resources-guns, weapons,ships

More railroads Larger population

(immigrants flooding into country)

More food

South’s Strengths

Superior leadership Highly motivated

fighters “King Cotton” Easier to fight a

defensive war

1)Navy blockade

Southern ports Union riverboats and

armies capture the Mississippi River, split Confederacy in half

Union armies capture Confederate capital, Richmond

Union Plan

Anaconda Plan

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania- after, loosing this battle, South went on the defensive Vicksburg, Mississippi-

assured capture of the Mississippi River

Turning Point of War-July, 1863

These two victoriesGave President LincolnThe upper hand to issueThe EmancipationProclamation-freeingAll the slaves in theConfederate states.

Appomattox Court House-April 3, 1865 -Southern General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Northern General U. S. Grant

Lincoln Assassinated- April 14, 1865 (Good Friday)

Thirteenth Amendment passed-end of 1865-ending slavery in the United States

1865

620,000 men on both sides lost (greater than

U.S. casualties in all wars combined) Politically, federal government’s power

strengthened Economically, gap between North and South

widened; North boomed during the war, the South was devastated.

Civil War- first modern war; new weapons changed nature of warfare-rifle, minie ball, ironclad ships

Consequences of Civil War

Ratified in 1868 Made former slaves not

citizens of the United States but also citizens of the state in which they live

Greatly expanded the reach of the Constitution to include states

Fourteenth Amendment

1865-1877 Plan to bring the South

back into the Union Lincoln and Johnson’s plan

failed Radical Republicans-

1866,divided South into five military districts Black men given right to

vote Southern states had to

adopt the fourteenth amendment

Reconstruction

Passed in 1870 Gave black men the

right to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

Breakdown of the Republican party weakened the plan; lost control of Congress in 1876 election

Panic of 1873-bank failures caused a depression which diverted attention from the South

Growth of KKK (Ku Klux Klan) Destroy Republican party Throw out Reconstruction governments Help the planter class Prevent African Americans from using their

political power

Failure of Reconstruction