chapter 5-3 & 5-4 class notes child development. list lifestyle choices that a pregnant woman...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5-3 & 5-4Class Notes
Child Development
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List lifestyle choices that a pregnant woman can make to help the fetus: Regular prenatal check-ups Eat a balance diet Get adequate rest
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Lifestyle Choices (Cont.)
Avoid the use of alcohol, smoking, and illegal drugs
Exercise daily Avoid caffeine and seafood Avoid exposure to radiation (x-
rays)
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What are the four main causes of birth defects?
Environmental Hereditary Errors in chromosomes Interaction of heredity and
environment
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What are environmental causes?
Poor prenatal diet Harmful substances during
pregnancy (including smoking, alcohol, etc.)
Medication harmful to baby
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What are hereditary causes?
Defective genes including one dominant or two recessive
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What are errors in chromosomes?
Too many or too few chromosomes in the baby’s cells (Example: Down’s syndrome)
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What birth defects are caused by interaction of heredity & environment?
Examples include spina bifida or cleft palate.
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TERMS
folic acid – nutrient that can be taken during pregnancy to prevent spina bifida
caffeine – may cause miscarriage, low birth weight, or learning disabilities
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TERMS (Cont.)
nicotine – can cause damage to lungs, low birth weight, prematurity, and various respiration problems
sickle cell anemia – blood disorder most common in families of African American descent
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TERMS (Cont.)
Rubella – also known as German measles; not harmful to mother but can cause physical abnormalities in the baby
Down Syndrome – caused by having 47 instead of 46 chromosomes; highest risk for mothers older than 35
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TERMS (Cont.)
Tay-Sachs disease – most common in families of Jewish descent
miscarriage – death of a fetus BEFORE 20 weeks
stillbirth – death of a developing baby AFTER 20 weeks