Chapter 5

BODILY DYSFUNCTION: EATING AND SLEEPING

PROBLEMS AND PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL

DISORDERS

Psychological, Social and Bodily Interaction

The Psychosomatic Hypothesis Current research focuses on bodily reaction to

emotion-arousing stimuli or stressors. The Biopsychosocial Model

Psychological factors intersect with biological vulnerabilities.

Behavioral medicine and health psychology are concerned with reducing and preventing the stress of illness

Stress and Illness Stress can play a role in illness. Stress-coping skills can decrease stress and risk of

illness.

HEALTH IN THE U.S.

About one-fourth of the adult population are 20 percent or more above desirable weight.

About one-half of adults experience at least a moderate amount of stress in as 2-week period.

Only 28 percent of the population is physically active.

About 30 per cent of persons over 18 years of age smoke cigarettes.

Half of mothers 18 to 24 years of age who are not high school graduates smoked in the year preceding the birth of their last child.

EATING DISORDERS

Anorexia nervosa Obsessed with thinness Great deal of weight loss

Bulimia nervosa Excessive eating followed by purging

Binge eating Excessive eating without purging

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Prevalence One in 100 girls 16-18 years of age Five to 7 percent of patients die within 10

years of onset Causes

Personality factors Family factors Cultural factors

Treatment Medication Cognitive behavioral therapy Nutritional rehabilitation

BULIMIA NERVOSA

Prevalence Four to 9 percent of high school and college

students Ten to 15 percent of cases are males

Causes Genetic Low self-esteem Personality factors Family factors Negative mood states

Treatment Antidepressant medication Cognitive behavioral therapy

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIAFOR ANOREXIA NERVOSA

DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIAFOR BULIMIA NERVOSA

COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL FEATURES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA

NERVOSA

BULIMIC WOMEN:METHODS OF WEIGHT CONTROL

TREATMENT OF BULIMIA NERVOSA

TRIGGERS OF BINGE EATING

Particular stressful situations Particular upsetting thoughts Feeling guilty Feeling socially isolated Worries about responsibilities,

problems, or the future Boredom

SLEEP DISORDERS

Stages of Sleep Stage 1 – Light sleep Stage 2 – Brain waves become slower, eye

movements stop Stage 3 – Delta waves appear Stage 4 – Almost exclusively delta waves Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Breathing becomes rapid and irregular Jerky eye movements Blood pressure rises Dream Occurs about every 70 to 90 minutes

during a night’s sleep

SLEEP DISORDERS

Narcolepsy Hypnogogic hallucinations Breathing related sleep disorders

Sleep apnea Primary sleep disorders

Dyssomnias Hypersomnia Insomnia

Parasomnias Nightmare disorder Sleep terror disorder Sleepwalking disorder

TIPS FOR THE SLEEP DEPRIVED

PSYCHOPHYSIOLGOICAL DISORDERS

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction

Risk factors for CHD Stress Type A personalities Hypertension

Cancer Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) Headaches

Tension headaches Migraine headaches Cluster headaches

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) RISK FACTORS

Risk Factors Bodily

Health habitsCommunity life-style

and cultural factors

Personality

Examples Age, hypertension,

cholesterol, obesity, heredity

Smoking, alcohol use Socioeconomic status,

education Anxiety, hostility, life

goals

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)Among Type A and Type B Men

Coronary Heart Disease as Function of Spouse Hostility

Blood Pressure For Hypertensives Receiving Relaxation Training