Chapter 5:

Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution

• Background (plenty/fertile land, dependable food supply) (encourages immigration) (natural reproduction)

• European Immigrants (religious persecution) (wars)• English (less problems/England) (few continued to come)• Germans (settled west of Philadelphia, Penn. Dutch)

(maintain culture) (obeyed law, little interest in politics)• Scotch-Irish (Northern Ireland, ancestors/Scotland)

(little respect for British govt./laws/any type of control) (land squatters) (fiercely independent) (Paxton Boys)

• Other Europeans (French Protestants/Huguenots)• Africans (forced to come) (90%, South) (Free Blacks)

(all colonies had slaves/limit rights & opportunities)

A Mingling of Races (pg. 29)

Professions (pg. 30) • Ministry (ministry was the most respectful/colonies)

(1700’s, other professions become respectable/prominent)• Physicians (victims of disease, made to bleed)

(cuts or leeches) (doctors, no formal training) (apprentice to experienced doctor) (Ben Franklin) (1st medical college, College of Philadelphia)

• Lawyers (viewed/talkative trouble-makers, not in demand) (people argue their own cases before magistrate) (expansion of trade, cases became complex) (professional help needed) (able lawyers, committees) (gain respect/ 1760’s- 1770’s, argue colonial rights) (John Adams, James Otis, Patrick Henry)

The First Great Awakening (pg. 31)• Background (Protestant sermons, too intellectual) (basics)

(more stress, human sinfulness/hell & damnation)• Jonathan Edwards (God/angry at sinners) (New England)

(repent, saved by God’s goodness) (bad, eternal damnation)

• George Whitefield (ordinary people, understand Gospels) (democratic) (revivals, cities/rural)

• Religious Impact (people become saved) (ministers lost their authority, people preach at home) (New Lights, accept new views) (diversity of religions)

• Political Influence (common experience, regardless/status) (change how colonists view authority) (challenged authority of religious officials) (later, challenge political leaders/King & Royal Governors)

The Enlightenment (pg. 32)• Background (European) (reason/solve problems)

(John Locke, natural rights) (all humans born with them) (sovereignty belongs to people, not state) (revolt/necessary) (basic principles/Constitution) (scientific solutions)

• Other Ideas of the Enlightenment (future leader mature at this time) (Jean-Jacque Rousseau) (minimize, role of divine intervention) (democratic) (revolutionary thought led to American Revolution)

The Press (pg. 33)• Newspapers (1725/5 newspapers) (1776/40) (1 page, ½)

(month-old news from Europe) (ads, goods/services) (runaways, slaves/indentured servants) (essays/better living) (no illustrations) (1st cartoons, Philadelphia Gazette)

• The Zenger Case (editors jailed, offended politicians) (libel, criticized Royal Governor) (defense, printed/truth) (injury to governor’s reputation, criminal offense) (truth?) (jury found him innocent) (landmark?) (newspapers take more risks) (freedom of press? NO)